1042.2S LANDBOUWETENSKAP SG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE SG ...

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1042.2S Kopiereg voorbehou Blaai om asseblief Copyright reserved Please turn over LANDBOUWETENSKAP SG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE SG (VRAESTEL 2) (PAPER 2) MAART / MARCH 2007 PUNTE/MARKS: 150 TYD/TIME: 2 uur/hours SENIORSERTIFIKAAT-EKSAMEN – 2007 SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION – 2007 Hierdie vraestel bestaan uit 11 bladsye. This question paper consists of 11 pages.

Transcript of 1042.2S LANDBOUWETENSKAP SG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE SG ...

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1042.2S

Kopiereg voorbehou Blaai om asseblief Copyright reserved Please turn over

LANDBOUWETENSKAP SG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE SG (VRAESTEL 2)

(PAPER 2) MAART / MARCH 2007 PUNTE/MARKS: 150

TYD/TIME: 2 uur/hours

SENIORSERTIFIKAAT-EKSAMEN – 2007 SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION – 2007

Hierdie vraestel bestaan uit 11 bladsye. This question paper consists of 11 pages.

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Kopiereg voorbehou Blaai om asseblief

INSTRUKSIES EN INLIGTING 1. Beantwoord AL die vrae. 2. Hierdie vraestel bestaan uit TWEE afdelings: AFDELING A en AFDELING B. 3. Beantwoord AL die vrae in die landbouwetenskapkonteks in die ANTWOOR-

DEBOEK wat voorsien word.

4. Nommer die antwoorde presies soos die vrae genommer is. 5. Begin elke vraag op 'n NUWE bladsy. 6. Vrae mag in enige volgorde beantwoord word, maar onderafdelings van 'n

vraag moet bymekaar gehou word.

7. Nie-programmeerbare sakrekenaars mag gebruik word. 8. Skryf netjies en leesbaar.

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Agricultural Science P2/SG 2 Doe/Feb-Mar/2007 Senior Certificate Examination

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INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. Answer ALL the questions. 2. This question paper consists of TWO sections: SECTION A and SECTION B. 3. Answer ALL the questions in the agricultural science context in the ANSWER

BOOK provided.

4. Number your answers exactly as the questions are numbered. 5. Start each question on a NEW page. 6. Questions may be answered in any order, but subsections of a question must

be kept together.

7. Non-programmable calculators may be used. 87. Write neatly and legibly.

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AFDELING A VRAAG 1 1.1 Verskeie moontlike opsies word as antwoorde vir die volgende vrae verskaf.

Skryf slegs die letter (A – D) langs die vraagnommer (1.1.1 – 1.1.5) in die antwoordeboek neer, byvoorbeeld: 1.1.6 D.

1.1.1 Kolostrum is die melk wat deur die moeder tydens die eerste paar

dae na geboorte vrygestel word en is ryk aan … A teenliggaampies. B oksitosien. C prolaktien. D albumien.

(2)

1.1.2 Proteïenvertering begin in watter deel van die spysverterings-

kanaal? A Slukderm B Dikderm C Mond D Abomasum

(2)

1.1.3 Die veldtipe wat gewoonlik onder hoë reënvaltoestande aangetref

word: A Soetveld B Suurveld C Gemende veld D Karoo

(2)

1.1.4 By pluimvee vind meganiese vertering … plaas.

A in die mond en proventrikel B in die proventrikel en krop C slegs in die proventrikel D slegs in die krop

(2)

1.1.5 Die bemarkingsisteem waarvolgens die boer se produk, soos hy/sy

wil bemark word, word … genoem. A die poelstelsel B beheerde bemarking C ko-operatiewe bemarking D vrye bemarking

(2)

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Agricultural Science P2/SG 3 Doe/Feb-Mar/2007 Senior Certificate Examination

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SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 Various possible options are provided as answers for the following questions.

Write only the letter (A – D) next to the question number (1.1.1 – 1.1.5) in the answer book, for example: 1.1.6 D.

1.1.1 Colostrum is the milk secreted by the mother for the first few days

after birth and is rich in … A antibodies. B oxytoxin. C prolactin. D albumin.

(2)

1.1.2 Protein digestion in a ruminant begins in what part of the digestive

tract? A Oesophagus B Large intestine C Mouth D Abomasum

(2)

1.1.3 The veld type that is usually found under high rainfall conditions:

A Sweetveld B Sourveld C Mixed veld D Karoo

(2)

1.1.4 In poultry, mechanical digestion occurs in the …

A mouth and gizzard. B gizzard and crop. C gizzard only. D crop only.

(2)

1.1.5 The system of marketing according to which the farmer’s product

may be marketed as the farmer wishes, is called … A the pool system. B controlled marketing. C co-operative marketing. D free marketing.

(2)

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1.2 Gee EEN woord/term vir elk van die volgende beskrywings: 1.2.1 'n Besigheidsorganisasie wat deur boere gestig word om die koop,

verkoop en selfs die produksie van goedere tot beide se voordeel te hanteer

(2)

1.2.2 Die komponent van 'n voer wat koolstof, waterstof en suurstof

bevat (2)

1.2.3 Die proses waar die ryp follikel oopbars en die eiersel vrystel wat

deur die tregtervormige opening van die Fallopius-buis opgevang word

(2)

1.2.4 Die deel van die rantsoen wat verseker dat 'n dier groei, voortplant

en lakteer van dag tot dag (2)

1.2.5 Die apparaat wat deur besproeiingsboere gebruik word om die

grondwaterspanning in die grond te meet (2)

1.3 Kies ‘n item/woord(e) in KOLOM B om by 'n item/woord(e) in KOLOM A te

pas. Skryf slegs die letter (A – J) langs die vraagnommer (1.3.1 – 1.3.5) in die antwoordeboek neer, byvoorbeeld 1.3.6 K.

KOLOM A KOLOM B

1.3.1 Plafonprys

1.3.2 Struik 1.3.3 Kropgeswel 1.3.4 Infundibulum 1.3.5 Baarmoederhorings

A Limpopo-provinsie

B hoogste prys

C jodium

D implantering van die embrio

E koper

F opvang van ovum

G dragtigheid

H Wes-Kaap-provinsie

I bevrugting van eiersel

J laagste prys 5 x 2 (10)

TOTAAL AFDELING A: 30

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1.2 Give ONE word/term for each of the following descriptions: 1.2.1 A business organisation formed by farmers to promote the buying,

selling and even production of goods on a mutual basis (2)

1.2.2 The component of feed that contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (2) 1.2.3 The process by which the ripe follicle bursts open and the ovum is

set free and collected by a funnel shaped end of the fallopian tube (2)

1.2.4 The part of the ration which ensures that an animal will grow,

reproduce and lactate from day to day (2)

1.2.5 The apparatus used by irrigation farmers to measure the water

tension of the soil (2)

1.3 Choose a/an item/word(s) from COLUMN B that matches a/an item/word(s) in

COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A – J) next to the question number (1.3.1 – 1.3.5) in the answer book, for example 1.3.6 K.

COLUMN A

COLUMN B

1.3.1 Ceiling price

1.3.2 Shrub 1.3.3 Goitre 1.3.4 Infundibulum 1.3.5 Uterine horns

A Limpopo Province

B highest price

C iodine

D implantation of embryo

E copper

F capture of ovum

G pregnancy

H Western Cape Province

I fertilisation of ovum

J lowest price

5 x 2 (10)

TOTAL SECTION A: 30

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Kopiereg voorbehou Blaai om asseblief

AFDELING B VRAAG 2: DIEREVOEDING Begin hierdie vraag op 'n NUWE bladsy. 2.1 Verwys na die diagram van die spysverteringskanaal van ‘n vark en

beantwoord die daaropvolgende vrae:

2.1.1 Identifiseer die dele gemerk B, C, D, E en F. (5) 2.1.2 Watter verteringsensieme word deur die deel gemerk E vrygestel? (3) 2.1.3 Absorpsie van verteerde voer vind in watter genommerde gedeelte

van die spysverteringskanaal plaas? (2)

2.2 Verduidelik die volgende tipes vertering wat in die spysverteringskanaal van

die dier plaasvind:

2.2.1 Mikrobiese vertering (2) 2.2.2 Chemiese vertering (2) 2.2.3 Meganiese/Fisiese vertering (2)

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SECTION B QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION Start this question on a NEW page. 2.1 Refer to the diagram of the digestive system of the pig and answer the

questions that follow:

2.1.1 Identify the parts labelled B, C, D, E and F. (5) 2.1.2 Which digestive enzymes are secreted by the part labelled E? (3) 2.1.3 Absorption of digested feed occurs in which labelled parts of the

digestive system? (2)

2.2 Explain the following types of digestion that occur in the digestive system of

an animal:

2.2.1 Microbial digestion (2) 2.2.2 Chemical digestion (2) 2.2.3 Mechanical/Physical digestion (2)

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2.3 Identifiseer VIER funksies van water in die diereliggaam. (4) 2.4 Absorpsie van voedingstowwe of verteerde voer kan op drie verskillende

wyses in die diereliggaam geskied. Bespreek absorpsie onder die volgende hoofde:

2.4.1 Diffusie (2) 2.4.2 Osmose (2) 2.4.3 Aktiewe draermolekuul (2) 2.5 Bereken, deur die volgende inligting te gebruik, die hoeveelheid verteerbare

droë materiaalinhoud van kuilvoer wat deur 'n jong os gevreet word: Kuilvoer ingeneem deur os = 7 kg Voginhoud van die kuilvoer wat gevreet is = 30% Hoeveelheid voer wat uitgeskei is = 3 kg Voginhoud van die uitgeskeide voer = 20% Toon AL die berekeninge.

(5)

2.6 Kalsium is 'n makro-element wat deur die diereliggaam vir normale groei en

ontwikkeling benodig word. Noem die VIER funksies van kalsium in die diereliggaam.

(4) [35]

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2.3 Identify FOUR functions of water in the animal body. (4) 2.4 Absorption of nutrients or digested feed can take place in three different ways

in the animal body. Discuss absorption under the following headings:

2.4.1 Diffusion (2) 2.4.2 Osmosis (2) 2.4.3 Active carrier molecule (2) 2.5 Calculate, using the following information, the digestible dry material content

of the silage consumed by a steer: Feed intake of the steer = 7 kg Moisture content of the feed eaten = 30% Amount of feed excreted = 3 kg Moisture content of excreted feed = 20% Show ALL the calculations.

(5)

2.6 Calcium is a macro-mineral required by the animal body for normal growth

and development. State the FOUR functions of calcium in the animal body. (4) [35]

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VRAAG 3: DIEREREPRODUKSIE Begin hierdie vraag op 'n NUWE bladsy. 3.1 Beantwoord die vrae wat op die diagram van die geslagsorgane van 'n koei

hieronder gebaseer is:

3.1.1 Dui die letter uit bostaande diagram aan van die geslagsorgane

van die koei waar die volgende prosesse plaasvind of organe geleë is: Byvoorbeeld: 3.1.1 (h) – M

(a) Corpus luteum wat progesteroon vrystel (1) (b) Serviks (1) (c) Geslote behalwe tydens bronstigheid en geboorte (1) (d) Geboortekanaal (1) (e) Blaas (1) (f) Produksie van estrogeen (1)

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QUESTION 3: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION Start this question on a NEW page. 3.1 Answer the questions based on the diagram of the reproductive organs of a

cow below:

3.1.1 Indicate the letter from the above diagram of the reproductive

organs of the cow where the following processes occur or organs are found: Example: 3.1.1 (h) – M

(a) Corpus luteum produces progesterone (1) (b) Cervix (1) (c) Closed, except during oestrus or parturition (1) (d) Birth canal (1) (e) Bladder (1) (f) Production of oestrogen (1)

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3.1.2 Kalfpersentasie (die aantal kalfies wat per 100 koeie per jaar

voortgebring word) sal baie vinnig daal as vrugbaarheid binne 'n kudde daal. So 'n verlaging in vrugbaarheid kan aan verskeie fak-tore toegeskryf word. Bespreek hoe die volgende faktore die vrugbaarheid van koeie beïnvloed:

(a) Bestuur (2) (b) Foutiewe ovulasie (2) (c) Voeding (2) 3.2 Hormone speel 'n baie belangrike rol in die geslagsiklusse van beide manlike

en vroulike diere. Hulle is ook noodsaaklik vir groei en reproduksie. Verduidelik die funksies van die volgende hormone in die geslagsiklusse van die manlike en vroulike diere:

3.2.1 Testosteroon (1) 3.2.2 Relaksien (1) 3.2.3 Follikelstimulerende hormoon (FSH) (1) 3.2.4 Luteotropiese hormoon (LTH) (1) 3.3 Beantwoord die volgende vrae oor kunsmatige inseminasie (KI): 3.3.1 Kunsmatige inseminasie word wyd deur die suiwelindustrie ge-

bruik. Gee VYF redes waarom kunsmatige inseminasie met sukses op suiwelplase aangewend word.

(5)

3.3.2 Dui die tegniek aan wat deur boere tydens die kunsmatige

inseminasie op koeie gevolg word. (6)

3.4 Beantwoord die volgende vrae oor kruisteling: 3.4.1 ‘Kruisteling verhoog heterose (basterkrag).’ Wat word met hierdie

stelling bedoel? (3)

3.4.2 Kruisteling word deur verskeie dieretelingvertakkings toegepas,

byvoorbeeld beeste, skape en varke. Noem VYF voordele wat kruisteling vir hierdie boerderyvertakkings inhou.

(5) [35]

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3.1.2 Calving percentage (number of calves born per 100 cows per year)

will decline very quickly if fertility drops in the cow herd. Such a drop in fertility can be due to a number of factors. Discuss how the following factors affect fertility in cows:

(a) Management (2) (b) Faulty ovulation (2) (c) Nutrition (2) 3.2 Hormones play a very important role in the sexual cycles of both the male and

female. They are also essential to ensure growth and reproduction. Explain the function of the following hormones in the sexual cycles of the male and female animals:

3.2.1 Testosterone (1) 3.2.2 Relaxin (1) 3.2.3 Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (1) 3.2.4 Luteotropic hormone (LTH) (1) 3.3 Answer the following questions on artificial insemination (AI): 3.3.1 Artificial insemination (AI) is practised widely in the dairy industry.

Give FIVE reasons why artificial insemination is practised success-fully on dairy farms.

(5)

3.3.2 Indicate the technique followed by farmers when doing artificial

insemination of cows. (6)

3.4 Answer the following questions on cross-breeding: 3.4.1 ‘Cross-breeding maximises heterosis.’ What is meant by this state-

ment? (3)

3.4.2 Crossbreeding is applied to a number of animal breeding

enterprises, for example beef, sheep and pigs. Indicate FIVE advantages of crossbreeding in these farming enterprises.

(5) [35]

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VRAAG 4: OPTIMALE HULPBRONBENUTTING Begin hierdie vraag op 'n NUWE bladsy. 4.1 'n Wisselboustelsel word nie altyd vir saaiboere aanbeveel nie. Onder watter

omstandighede kan monokultuur bo wisselbou verkies word? Verskaf DRIE redes om jou stelling te ondersteun.

(3)

4.2 Jy is deur jou provinsiale Departement van Landbou aangestel om boere oor

die beste besproeiingspraktyke/-metodes vir hul plase in te lig. Noem VYF faktore wat jy aan die boere sal voorhou vir oorweging wanneer hulle 'n praktyk/metode vir besproeiing moet kies?

(5)

4.3 Noem VYF redes waarom grond belangrik is vir gewasproduksie. (5) 4.4 Jy het onlangs 'n klein stukkie grond aangekoop waarop jy 'n groentetuin wil

vestig. Die grond is egter vir baie jare verwaarloos. Jou ontleding van die grond het aan die lig gebring dat swak dreinering van die grond die grootste probleem is. Verduidelik die belangrikheid (doelwitte) van goeie dreinering met betrekking tot groenteproduksie.

(6)

4.5 Noem DRIE kriteria by die bepaling van die kwaliteit van water vir be-

sproeiing. (3)

4.6 Verduidelik kortliks DRIE redes waarom die veld 'n rusperiode moet hê. (3)

[25] VRAAG 5: LANDBOU-EKONOMIE Begin hierdie vraag op 'n NUWE bladsy. 5.1 Lees die volgende gevallestudie wat op landbou-ekonomie gebaseer is en

beantwoord die daaropvolgende vrae:

Weens die werkloosheidsprobleem in Suid-Afrika het 'n jong dame besluit om 'n ‘spaza’-winkel oop te maak om 'n lewe te maak. Sy is deur haar pa bygestaan in die oprigting van die gebou en die elektriese installasies. Van die artikels wat sy te koop aangebied het, was eiers en hoenderbraaipakke. Sy is aangeraai om die eiers in grootmaat aan te koop om kostes te bespaar en dit het gelei tot die aankoop van 'n trollie vir die vervoer en verpakking van goedere. Een van haar helpers besluit toe om van die laaie met eiers in die vrieskas saam met ander sterk gegeurde voedsel te stoor. Na (10) tien dae toe die eiers op die rakke by kamertemperatuur uitverkoop is, is die eiers uit die vrieskas geneem. Die eiers was ongelukkig almal bederf met krake en onaangename reuke.

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QUESTION 4: OPTIMAL RESOURCE UTILISATION Start this question on a NEW page. 4.1 A crop rotation system is not always recommended to crop farmers. Under

which conditions can monoculture be preferred to crop rotation? Provide THREE reasons to support your statement.

(3)

4.2 You have been employed by your provincial Department of Agriculture to

advise farmers on the best irrigation practices/methods for their farms. Name FIVE factors you would advise farmers to take into consideration when choosing a practice/method of irrigation.

(5)

4.3 Name FIVE reasons why soil is important for crop production. (5) 4.4 You have recently bought a small piece of land on which you would like to

establish a vegetable garden. However, the land has been neglected for many years. Your analysis of the soil has revealed or indicated poor soil drainage as the major problem. Explain the importance (objectives) of good drainage in relation to vegetable production.

(6)

4.5 Name THREE criteria to determine the quality of water for irrigation. (3) 4.6 Briefly explain THREE reasons why the veld should be rested. (3)

[25] QUESTION 5: AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS Start this question on a NEW page. 5.1 Read the following case study based on agricultural economics and answer

the questions that follow:

Due to the unemployment problem in South Africa, a young lady decided to run a spaza shop in order to earn a living. She was supported by her father in erecting the building and installation of electrical facilities. Among the items she was retailing were eggs and broiler braai packs. She was later advised to buy eggs in bulk quantities so as to save on costs, and that led to the purchase of a trolley for carrying and packing goods. One of her assistants decided to store some trays of eggs with other strongly-flavoured food in the deep freezer. After ten (10) days when the eggs on the shelves at room temperature had been sold, they took the eggs out of the deep freezer. Unfortunately all the eggs were spoiled with cracks on the shells and an unpleasant odour.

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5.1.1 Identifiseer TWEE voorbeelde van elk van die volgende uit die

gevallestudie:

(a) Bedryfs- of vlottende kapitaalgoedere (2) (b) Los- of roerende kapitaalgoedere (2) (c) Vaste kapitaalgoedere (2) 5.1.2 Identifiseer EEN probleem wat met die bemarking van eiers as

landbouproduk in hierdie gevallestudie geassosieer word. (2)

5.1.3 Verduidelik hoe die probleem wat in VRAAG 5.1.2 geïdentifiseer is

die verkoopprys van eiers sal beïnvloed. (2)

5.2 Beskryf DRIE tipes krediet wat vir die landbou beskikbaar is en gee 'n

gepaste voorbeeld van elk. (6)

5.3 Beantwoord die volgende vrae deur na die hipotetiese grafiek van die

bemarking van landbouprodukte te verwys:

prys in

Rand

hoeveelheid per tydseenheid

5.3.1 Verduidelik wat elk van die volgende letters in die grafiek voorstel: (a) W (1) (b) T (1) (c) X (1) (d) Y (1)

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5.1.1 Identify TWO examples for each of the following from the case

study:

(a) Working or floating capital goods (2) (b) Movable capital goods (2) (c) Fixed capital goods (2) 5.1.2 Identify ONE problem associated with marketing of eggs as

agricultural products in this case study. (2)

5.1.3 Explain how the problem identified in QUESTION 5.1.2 would

affect the selling of eggs. (2)

5.2 Describe THREE types of credit that are available in agriculture, and give a

suitable example in each case. (6)

5.3 Answer the following questions by referring to the hypothesised graph for

marketing of agricultural products:

5.3.1 Explain what each of the following letters in the graph represents: (a) W (1) (b) T (1) (c) X (1) (d) Y (1)

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5.3.2 Verduidelik die oorsaak van markewewig in die bemarking van

landbouprodukte. (2)

5.4 Noem DRIE kanale van 'n vryemarkstelsel in die landbou. (3)

[25]

TOTAAL AFDELING B: 120

GROOTTOTAAL: 150

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5.3.2 Explain the cause of market equilibrium in the marketing of agri-

cultural products. (2)

5.4 Name THREE channels of a free-market system in agriculture. (3)

[25]

TOTAL SECTION B: 120

GRAND TOTAL: 150

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