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CNG 102 CU BO HIMBAN SON THO: ANH 1 K46 - FTU

CH

VN BN NY CH MANG TNH CHT THAM KHOPHN TR LI L PHN CHNH, PHN NOTE V COMMENT GIP MI

NGI CHUN B TT HN CC TNH HUNG B HI VN

CC CU TR LI C TH CN CHA CHNH XC V Y , USER C THT CHNH SA NI DUNG NU THY B SAI V THIU.

VN BN NY C LP CNG VI SLIDE V GIO TRNH, TR GIP CCBN TRONG QU TRNH HC 102 CU HI CNG BO HIM

MC LC CUI TI LIU, MI NGI TIN THAM KHO

NHM SON THO

ANH 1- K46 - FTU

CC THNH VIN SON THO

1. MAI CU 1-7 CHNG I2. NGA CU 8-14 CHNG I3. MINH PHNG CU 1-7 CHNG II4. H LINH CU 8-14 CHNG II5. HUYN CU 15-21 CHNG II6. NGC CU 22-28 CHNG II7. TRANG CU 29-35 CHNG II8. HNG CU 36-42 CHNG II9. BI HUYN CU 43-49 CHNG II10. TUN I CU 50-52 CHNG II + 1-4 CHNG III11. THIN CU 5-9 CHNG III + 1-2 CHNG IV12. KIN CU 4-10 CHNG IV

13. BNH CU 11-14 CHNG IV + 1-3 CHNG V14. LAN ANH CU 4-10 CHNG V15. SN CU 11-13 CHNG V

MANAGE & EDIT HNGREVIEW: MI NGI

AI C KHIU NI P N CU NO B SAI TH LIN H TRC TIP VINGI SON THO KHIU NI NH

THANK FOR YOUR CONTRIBUTIONS!!!!!

ANH 1 K46 FTU Page 1

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cng Bo him CHNG I KHI QUT CHUNG V BO HIM

CHNG I KHI QUT CHUNG V BO HIM

Cu 1: Cc bin php i ph vi ri ro m con ngi p dng?

1. Trnh ri ro:- Trnh ri ro tc l khng lm mt vic g qu mo him, khng chc chn.- Nhc im: Bin php ny lm con ngi ta lc no cng s st khng dm lm vic

g => khng thu c kt qu g.

2. Ngn nga hn ch ri ro:- Bin php ny th hin vic cc cng ty, cc c nhn dng nhng bin php

phng,ngn nga, hn ch ri ro v hu qu ca n , v d: h thng phng chycha chy, h thng chng trm, cc bin php an ton lao ng...

- Nhc im: Bin php ny cng ko ngn nga c ht ri ro xy ra.

3. T khc phc ri ro:- Bin php ny th hin vic cc cng ty, c nhn d tr mt khon tin nht nh

khi c ri ro xy ra th dng khon tin b p khc phc hu qu (binphp t bo him).

- Nhc im: Khng phi t chc hay c nhn no cng c sn tin d tr. Tin d tr ny khng b p cho nhng tn tht ln xy ra. s gy ng vn ln trong x hi nu t chc, cc nhn no cng d tr nh

vy.

4. Chuyn nhng ri ro:- Mt cng ty hay mt cc nhn khi t mnh thy khng th chu ng c mt hay

nhiu ri ro ln c tnh cht thm ha th phi tm cch san s bng cch chuynnhng ri ro cho cc cng ty khc, Khi chp nhn ri ro, cc cng ty khc

phi bi thngnhng thit hi do ri ro tha thun gy nn , cn ngi chuyn

nhng ri ro phi tr 1 khon tin => bin php bo him.- u im:

Phm vi b p rng ln. C th b p nhng ri ro c tnh cht thm ha Khng gy ng vn trong x hi

=> Bin php ny pht trin mnh m cho n ngy nay.


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Cu 2: Nu khi nim v phn tch bn cht ca bo him?

1. Khi nim:- KN1: tm vi m:Bo him l 1 ch cam kt bi thng bng tin v kinh t, trong ngi c BH

phing1 khon gi lph BHcho ngi BH theo cc iu khon quy nh, cn ngiBHc trch nhim bi thng cho i tng BH do cc ri ro bo him gy ra.

- KN2: tm v m:BH l 1 h thng cc bin php kinh tnhm t chc cc qu BH huy ng t cc tchc, cnhn bi thng cc tn tht thit hido cc thin tai, tai nn bt ng xyra,gp phn tisn xut lin tc v m bo i sng ca cc thnh vin trong x hi.

2. Phn tch bn cht:- i tng bo him: Ti sn, con ngi, trch nhim.- Ngi BH ch bi thng bng tin v:

Gi tr l hng (ti sn) c BH s khc nhau ti cc thi im. Cng ty BH ch tp trung vo 1 lnh vc => khng th bao qut c bi

thng bng hin vt C nhng gi tr khng th bi thng bng hin vt..

- Ri ro c BH: l nhng ri ro tha thun trong hp ng. Ngi BH ch bi

thng nhng thit hi do nhng ri ro tha thun gy ra m thi- Ngi c BH: Phi np ph theo cc iu khon quy nh- Cng ty BH: Khi c tn tht xy ra phi dn chiu li cc iu khon trn c ch

bi thng thch hp.- BH l 1 ngnh kinh t trong x hi.


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Cu 3: Ti sao ni BH c tc dng lm tng cng cng tc phng, ngnnga ri ro, hn ch tn tht?

Th nht, v pha ngi bo him: BH hnh thnh nn mt th trng, chuynmn ring v bo him, do cc cng tc lin quan ti bo him s cchuyn mn hn v thc hin tt hn (v d nh thm tra, xem xt.).

Ngi bo him khi chp nhn bo him cho mt l hng s cm thy ctrch nhim phi m bo cho l hng . H c th thc hin mt s yu cu

ngi c bo him phi phng, hn ch tn tht hoc yu cu ngi cbo him phi cung cp y thng tin, c p nht v tnh trng hng theodi. D nhin, iu ny gip tng cng tc bo v, phng nga, hn ch ri rotn tht.

Th hai, v pha ngi c bo him: Ban u h s c 2 la chn: 1 l khngmua bo him v c gng hon thnh tt cng vic vn chuyn hng khng xy ra ri ro tn tht. Nu c xy ra ri ro tn tht (iu h hon tonkhng mong mun), h s t chu thit hi. Th 2, h mua bo him, tc l h thc c rng, mnh b tin mua hng, v vy s c thc s dnghng ho tt. H khng mun mt khng s tin bo him m mc ch

ban u ca mnh (mc ch chnh yu ca h l hng c gi an ton) likhng thc hin c (khng k nhng ngi ch ngh bo him cho ri ro l skhng phi lo, bi ch l tm l thiu s). Chnh v th, ngi c bo himcng c thc hn i vi s an ton hng ho ca mnh.


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Cu 4: Trnh by cc cch phn loi BH:

1. Cn c vo c ch hot ng ca BH:- BH x hi: l ch BH ca nh nc, ca on th x hi hoc ca cc cng ty

nhm tr cp cc vin chc nh nc, ngi lm cng ... trong trng hp m au,bnh tt, b cht hoc b tai nn trong khi lm vic, v hu.

- BH thng mi: l loi hnh BH mang tnh cht kinh doanh, thng mi.

2. Cn c vo tnh cht ca BH:- BH nhn th: l BH cho tnh mng, tui th ca con ngi nhm b p cho ngi

c BH mt khon tin khi ht thi hn BH hoc khi ngi c BH b cht hoc bthng tt ton b vnh vin.. BH nhn th gm cc loi nh bo him trn i, sinhk, t k, hn hp

Vi loi hnh BH ny, ngi c BH chc chn s c hon tr li s tin BHkhi o hn hp ng => mang tnh cht nh gi tit kim.

- BH phi nhn th: Mt s hnh thc nh bo him sc kho, tai nn, hng hi, ti sn,chy v ri ro c bit, xy dng v lp t, xe c gii

==> Vi loi hnh BH ny c th c ti tc hp ng BH. Ngi c BH ch cbi thng khi c tn tht xy ra.

3. Cn c vo i tng BH:- BH ti sn: i tng BH l ti sn ca tp th hay c nhn bao gm vt c thc, tin,

giy t c gi ...- BH trch nhim: i tng BH trong loi hnh ny l trch nhim dn s ca ngic BH i vi ngi th 3 hay i vi sn phm.

- BH con ngi: i tng BH l con ngi hay cc b phn ca c th con ngi hoccc vn c lin quan nh tui th, tnh mng, sc khe, tai nn...

4. Theo quy nh ca php lut Lut kinh doanh BH 2000:- BH trch nhim dn s ca ch xe c gii- BH trch nhim dn s ca ngi vn chuyn hng khng i vi hnh khch- BH trch nhim ngh nghip i vi hot ng t vn lut php => lut s- BH trch nhim ngh nghip ca doanhnghieepj mi gii BH.

- BH chy n- BH trong hot ng t vn chng khon v u t.


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Cu 5: Gi tr BH v s tin BH? Tr gi BH v s tin BH c quan h vinhau nh th no trong BH ti sn.

1.Gi tr BH: VL gi tr ca i tng BH + cc chi ph hp l khc (VD: chi ph cha chy, chi ph cunn, chi phsi sa cha ...), nhng c bn vn l gi tr ca i tng BH

Note: Khi mua gi CIF, nu xy ri ro th cng ty BH phi n b trn gi CIF bao gmC+ I +F.

2. S tin BH: AL s tin do ngi c BH yu cu v c BH, n c th l 1 phn hay ton b gi trBH.

Mi quan h gia A v V:A V- A = V: BH ngang gi tr ( BH y )- A < V: BH di gi tr


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Cu 6: Ngi BH, ngi c BH? Ngha v v quyn li c bn ca ccch th khi k kt hp ng BH?

1.Ngi BH: L ngi nhn trch nhim v ri ro. Ngi BH c th l cng ty ca nh nchay ca cng ty t nhn.-Ngha v:

Phi cung cp y v trung thc nhng thng tin v hp ng BH chongi mua BH

phi bi thng cho ngi th hng khi c ri ro nm trong phm vi BHxy ra

- Quyn li: c nhn ph BH

2. Ngi c BH: l t chc, c nhn c ti sn, trch nhim dn s, tnh mng c bohim theo hp ng bo him. Ngi c bo him c th ng thi l ngi th hng.- Ngha v:

Ngi c bo him c ngha vcung cp cho ngi bo him bit tt ccc thng tin m mnh bit hoc phi bit lin quan n vic giao kthp ng bo him c th nh hng n vic xc nh kh nng xy ra riro hoc quyt nh ca ngi bo him v vic nhn bo him v cc iukin bo him, tr thng tin m mi ngi bit hoc ngi bo him bithoc phi bit.

Ngi c BH c tn trong hp ng BH v phi np ph BH-Quyn li: c nhn tin bi thng khi xy ra ri ro thuc phm vi BH nu ngi cBH ng thi l ngi th hng

Note: khi nim ngi th hng v li ch BH


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Cu 7: i tng BH l g? C nhng loi i tng BH no?

i tng BH l khch th ca hp ng BH, l ti sn hoc li ch mang ra BH, l i tngm v n ngi ta phi k kt hp ng BH..

C 3 loi i tng BH: Ti sn, con ngi, trch nhim.

Nu i tng l ti sn Bo him hng ho

Nu i tng l con ngi Bo him nhn th, trch nhim dn s.. (trong hng hi bo him P&I)

Nu i tng l trch nhim Bo him TNDS ch tu

Ch , trch nhim khng phi l mt thc th, nhng do tnh c th pht sinh trong hng him n tr thnh mt i tng c bo him.


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CU 8: ng bo him, Ti bo him. Cho v d

Tr li:

1. ng bo him: (Co- Insurance): L hnh thc bo him trong

nhiu cng ty bo him cng ng ra bo him cho mt i tng bo

him.

V d: 2 cng ty BH A v B cng nhn bo him cho mt con tu tr

gi 10000$ vi t l ng bo him 80/20 c ngha l: khi xy ra tn

tht ton b, cng ty A bi thng cho ch tu 80% gi tr con tu

(tng ng vi s tin 8000$) v cng ty B bi thng cho ch tu

20% gi tr con tu (tng ng vi s tin 2000$).

2. Ti bo him (Re-Insurance):L vic hai hay nhiu cng ty bo him

chia nhau bo him nhng ri ro ln, mi cng ty nhn trch nhim v

mt phn nht nh ca tn tht v nhn mt phn tng xng trong s

ph bo him.

V d: cng ty BH A nhn bo him cho 1 con tu tr gi 10000$. Sau

cty A k kt mt hp ng ti BH vi cng ty B. Theo , cng ty

B s nhn bo him cho 3000$ gi tr con tu. Khi tn tht ton b xy

ra, cng ty A s bi thng 7000$ cn cng ty B bi thng 3000$

cho ch tu.

Lu :

1. ng BH:


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S tin cng ty bo him phi tr = (S tin tn tht)x(s tin bo him thc t)/(S tin yucu phi bo him). Trong :

S tin yu cu phi bo him = (Gi tr ca ti sn c bo him) x (t l ng bo himtheo iu khon ng bo him)

Th d: Gi tr ca mt to nh l 100.000USD

T l s tin yu cu phi bo him theo iu khon ng bo him l 80%.

Tn tht do chy nh l 60.000USD.

S tin bo him thc t l: 75.000USD

Cng ty bo him s phi tr: 60.000x75.000/(100.000x80%) = 56.250USD trong s60.000USD.

2. So snh ng v Ti BH

ng BH Ti BH

- Ngi c BH k cc hp ng bohim v i bi thng trc tip vitng cng ty ng BH.

-

- Ngi c BH ch k hp ng vi bi thng vi 1 cng ty BH gc.

- Cng ty BH gc l ngi quyt nhc k kt cc hp ng ti BH haykhng.


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CU 9: Ph bo him c xc nh nh th no v ph thuc vo cc yu tno?

Tr li:Ph bo him (Insurance Premium - I): L khon tin m ngi c bo him phi np

cho ngi bo him c bi thng, l gi c ca bo him.

I = V(A) x R

Trong : 1

V: Gi tr bo him (Insurance Value - V): L gi tr ca i tng bo him cng vi

cc chi ph hp l khc (c bn vn l gi tr ca i tng bo him).

A: S tin bo him (Insurance Amount - A): L s tin do ngi c bo him yu cu

v c bo him, n c th l mt phn hay ton b gi tr bo him.

R: T l ph bo him (Rate of Insurance - R): L mt t l phn trm nht nh (ca A

hoc V) do cc cng ty bo him cng b hoc tho thun theo mt hp ng bo him.

Thng c tnh cn c vo vic thng k tn tht hay xc sut xy ra ri ro.

1 Tham kho cu 5- Chng I


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CU 10: Nguyn tc trung thc tuyt i trong BH v ngha ca n?

Tr li:

1. Nguyn tc trung thc tuyt i (utmost good faith)

Ngi bo him v ngi c bo him phi tuyt i trung thc vi nhau, tin tng

ln nhau, khng c la di nhau. Nu mt trong hai bn vi phm th hp ng bo

him khng c hiu lc.

2. ngha:

Theo nguyn tc ny, khi tin hnh k kt mt hp ng bo him:- Ngi bo him phi cng khai tuyn b cc iu kin, nguyn tc,

th l, gi c bo him cho ngi c bo him bit; khng c nhn

bo him khi bit i tng bo him n ni an ton.

- Ngi c bo him phi khai bo chnh xc cc chi tit c lin quan

n i tng bo him; phi thng bo kp thi nhng thay i c lin

quan n i tng bo him, v ri ro, v nhng mi e do nguy

him hay lm tng thm ri ro m mnh bit c hoc ng l phi

bit c cho ngi bo him; khng c mua bo him khi bit i

tng bo him b tn tht.

Nguyn tc ny l nn tng cho hot ng kinh doanh bo him,

m bo khng c s la o hay trc li t bo him.


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CU 11: Nguyn tc li ch BH trong BH

Tr li:

Nguyn tc li ch bo him 2(insurable interest)

- Ngi c bo him mun mua bo him phi c li ch bo him.

- Li ch bo him l li ch hoc quyn li c lin quan n, gn lin vi

hay ph thuc vo, s an ton hay khng an ton ca i tng bo him

V d:

1. Mua bo him cho mt ngi nh.

Li ch bo him l: quyn s hu ngi nh.

Ti thi im np ph BH v hp ng BH c hiu lc, cng ty BH cha cn quan tm

n li ch bo him ca ngi mua v ti thi im cng ty BH cha phi bi

thng tn tht, ch c li ch l thu ph. Khi tn tht xy ra, ngi mua khiu ni th

cng ty BH mi quan tm.

Nu sau tn tht, xem xt, kt lun c ngi mua bo him khng c quyn li i

vi i tng BH th hp ng BH ngay lp tc b v hiu.

2. Xut khu mt l hng theo iu kin CIF, ngi bn ng ra mua bo him cho l

hng . Quyn li c th bo him i vi l hng nhp khu ny thuc v ngi bn

cho n khi ngi bn chuyn giao quyn s hu v k hu chuyn nhng hp ng

BH cho ngi mua. Nu hng ha b tn tht trc khi c chuyn giao cho ngi

mua th khng c khiu ni hp l theo n bo him ca ngi mua v h cha c

mt quyn li c th bo him vo thi im xy ra tn tht. V sau khi chuyn

giao quyn li c th bo him cho ngi mua ngi bn cng khng c quyn ikhiu ni trong trng hp tn tht xy ra.

2 iu 22.1(a) ca Lut Kinh doanh Bo him Vit nam 2000 (LBH 2000) quy nh hp ngbo him v hiu khi ngi mua bo him khng c quyn li c th bo him.


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CU 12: Th quyn l g? Tc dng v iu kin thc hin th quyn. Chov d?

Tr li:

1. Nguyn tc th quyn (subrogation)

Th quyn l quyn ca mt ngi, sau khi bi thng cho mt ngi khc theo bn phn

php l, c th thay th v tr ca ngi , cng nh c hng mi quyn li hp php ca

ngi i ngi th ba c trch nhim bi thng cho mnh.

V d:Mt cng ty BH sau khi bi thng tn tht mt l hng do li ca ngi

chuyn ch cho ch hng, c quyn thay mt ch hng kin ngi chuyn ch bi thng cho

mnh trong phm vi s tin bi thng cho ngi c BH.

Ch hng thit hi 80$, khiu ni ngi chuyn ch c bi thng 50$, cng ty BH s bi

thng 30$ khi phc kh nng ti chnh ban u. Sau , cng ty BH thy vic khiu kin

cha hp l, c th tip tc khiu ni ngi chuyn ch.

2. Tc dng

Th quyn gip gim ph bo him:

Nhng khon tin i bi hon thnh cng thng qua th quyn l ngun thu khc ngoi ph

BH cng ty BH c th b p ti chnh. Chng cho php gim nhng chi ph thc t ca

cng ty bo him trong trng hp tn tht xy ra v do n c tc dng gim ph bo

him.

Th quyn gip lm gim s lng cc v kin

Sau khi nhn c bi thng ca cng ty BH, ngi c BH s khng mong mun tip tc

i kin ngi c trch nhim v nu c i c tin bi thng ca bn th 3 ny th anh ta

vn phi bi hon li cho cng ty BH.

3. iu kin

Th quyn ch p dng trong hp ng bi thng.

L hp ng bo him gia ngi c bo him v ngi bo him phi l hp

ng m bo cho tn tht v mt ti chnh c th pht sinh trong tng lai cangi c bo him khc vi HDBH nhn th (mang tnh cht tit kim).


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Th quyn p dng sau khi bi thng y .

Theo , ngi bo him ch c th quyn sau khi bi thngy cho tn

tht nm trong phm vi bo him ca ngi c bo him3.

Ngi bo him i bi hon trn danh ngha ca ngi c bo him

Vic i bi thng ny phi thc hin trn danh ngha ngi c bo him, tc

l ngi bo him ch c hng li t nhng quyn li v bin php m ngi

c bo him c hng m khng c bt k quyn hn no i vi nhng vn

nm ngoi gii hn nhng quyn li v bin php m ngi c bo him

c hng.

3 ngoi tr trng hp c s tha thun bng vn bn gia 2 bn rng vic ngi c BH

chp nhn cc khon thanh ton tin bi thng ca ngi bo him l iu kin ngi

bo him c th thay mt ngi c bo him khi kin bn th ba i bi hon trong

phm vi s tin tr.


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CU 13: So snh BH x hi v BH thng mi

Tr li:

1. Ging nhau:Mc ch hot ng: b p ti chnh n nh i sng cho ngi tham gia bo him

khi gp ri ro. V qu bo him ny ch yu c to lp t nhng i tng tham gia bo

him .

C ch/Nguyn tc hot ng: Ly s ng b s t

2. Khc nhau:BHXH BHTMi tngBH

Thu nhp ca ngi lao ng Tinh mng, tnh trng sc khe cacon ngi, ti sn, trch nhim dns.

i tngtham gia

Ngi lao ng va ngi sdng lao ng

Tt c cc c nhn v t chc trongx hi

Ngun hnhthnh qu

Ngi lao ng, ngi s dnglao ng, NN b thiu v ngun

khc (li u t qu nhn ri,ng h ca cc t chc...).

hnh thnh t s ng gp ph canhng ngi tham gia, c b

sung t li u t qu nhn ri, dphng BH.Mc ch sdng qu

Chi tr tr cp theo cc ch ;chi qun l s nghi p BHXH, chid phng v chi cho u t.

bi thng chi tr tin BH chokhch hng khi g p ri ro tn thtthuc phm vi bo him; chi trchl p cc loi d phng; Chi phnghn ch tn tht; n p thu; chi qunl v c li nhun.

Ph BH c xc nh bng s tng i

cn c ch yu vo tin cng,tin lng ca ngi lao ng vqu lng ca ch s dng laong tham gia bo him.

c xc nh l s tuyt i, trn

c s xc sut ri ro ca i tngtham gia, phm vi bo him, STBH,gi tr bo him...

C quanqun l

thng do 1 t chc ca CP mnhn. VD: b Lao ng thng

binh x hi

Cc doanh nghip BH t ng rakinh doanh theo lut php Vit Nam

Tnh cht - Mang tnh cht tng hnhiu hn

Bt buc theo php lut

- Mang tnh cht kinh doanh

- T nguyn

http://www.vnecon.com/autolink.php?id=4&forumid=95&script=showthreadhttp://www.vnecon.com/autolink.php?id=4&forumid=95&script=showthread

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CU 14: Phn tch cc nguyn tc ca BH

Tr li:

1. Bo him mt ri ro ch khng bo him mt s chc chn (fortuity

not for certainty)

Ri ro bo him l nhng e do nguy him m con ngi khng lng trc c, l

nguyn nhn gy nn tn tht cho i tng bo him

Cng ty bo him ch nhn bo him cho nhng s c, tai nn, tai ho, xy ra mt

cch bt ng, ngu nhin, ngoi mun ca con ngi ch khng bo him cho

nhng ri ro chc chn xy ra, ng nhin xy ra, c th lng trc c.2. Nguyn tc trung thc tuyt i (utmost good faith)

Ngi bo him v ngi c bo him phi tuyt i trung thc vi nhau, tin tng

ln nhau, khng c la di nhau. Nu mt trong hai bn vi phm th hp ng bo

him khng c hiu lc:

Ngi bo him phi cng khai tuyn b cc iu kin, nguyn tc, th l, gi

c bo him cho ngi c bo him bit; khng c nhn bo him khi

bit i tng bo him n ni an ton. Ngi c bo him phi khai bo chnh xc cc chi tit c lin quan n i

tng bo him; phi thng bo kp thi nhng thay i c lin quan n i

tng bo him, v ri ro, v nhng mi e do nguy him hay lm tng thm

ri ro m mnh bit c hoc ng l phi bit c cho ngi bo him;

khng c mua bo him khi bit i tng bo him b tn tht

3. Nguyn tc li ch bo him (insurable interest)

Ngi c bo him mun mua bo him phi c li ch bo him. Li ch bo him l li ch hoc quyn li c lin quan n, gn lin vi hay ph

thuc vo, s an ton hay khng an ton ca i tng bo him

[tham kho cu 11]

4. Nguyn tc bi thng (indemnity)

Ngi bo him phi bi thng khi phc li kh nng ti chnh ban u cho

ngi c bo him ngay sau khi tn tht xy ra, khng hn khng km.

- kh nng ti chnh ban u: V hoc A


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- ngay sau khi: ph thuc vo thi hn khiu ni quy nh. Thng l trong 30

ngy, cng ty BH phi c phn hi. hin nay do cnh tranh, thi hn ny c th

ch cn 15 ngy.

- khng hn khng km:

bi thng y

trnh trc li bo him v.

5. Nguyn tc th quyn (subrogation) [tham kho cu 12]

Th quyn l quyn ca mt ngi, sau khi bi thng cho mt ngi khc theo bn

phn php l, c th thay th v tr ca ngi , cng nh c hng mi quyn li

hp php ca ngi i ngi th ba c trch nhim bi thng cho mnh.

CH , Y L MT CU HI RT QUAN TRNG, RT D B HI V B

XOAY, V VY YU CU CN HC K, HIU K


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cng Bo him CHNG II BO HIM HNG HI

CHNG II BO HIM HNG HI

Cu 1: Bo him Hng hi v cc loi hnh Bo him Hng hi

Tr li:

a) nh ngha: Bo him Hng hi l nhng nghip v BH c lin quan n hotng ca con tu, con ngi hoc ca hng ho c vn chuyn trn bin haynhng nghip v BH nhng ri ro trn bin, trn b, trn sng c lin quan n

Hnh trnh ng bin4.

b) Cc loi hnh Bo him Hng hi5: BHHH c phn lm 3 loi

1. Bo him Hng ho XNK chuyn ch bng ng bin: i tng l hng

ho XNK c vn chuyn trn bin v cc chi ph c lin quan6.

2. Bo him Thn tu: i tng Bo him l v tu, my mc, thit b trn tuv cc chi ph hp l (chi ph dc hnh trnh7, ng trc lng cho s quanthu th8, mt phn trch nhim m ch tu phi chu trong trng hp haitu m va nhau cng c li9).

3. Bo him Trch nhim dn s ch tu10: BH nhng thit hi pht sinh tTrch nhim dn s ch tu trong qu trnh S hu, kinh doanh, khai thc tui vi ngi khc.

4 Lu , lin quan ti hnh trnh ng bin l /k quan trng nht5 /ngha BH = hot ng tu + ngi + hng ho phn loi = thn tu + Trch

nhim dn s + hng ho XNK

6 Chi ph lin quan = cc chi ph nh bo him, vn chuyn, chng chy

7 CP dc hnh trnh = lng thc + nc ung

8 CP lng V hnh trnh trn bin rt di nn phi ng trc

9 Lu phn TN m va, y l TN ca Bo him thn tuCU HI 40

10 Hip hi P&I, h tr gia cc ch tu vi nhauTN Dn s ch tu = Hng + KInh doanh + Tnh mng + Tu khc

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Cu 2: Ri ro trong bo him hng hi?

Tr li:

1. Khi nim Ri ro:

- Ri ro l nhng tai nn, tai ha, s c xy ra mt cch bt ng, ngu nhinhoc nhng mi e da nguy him khi xy ra th gy tn tht cho i tng bohim.

- Ri ro hng hi l nhng ri ro xy ra trn bin, ca bin, lin quan nmt hnh trnh hng hi.

2. Phn loi Ri ro:

2 cch phn loi ri ro: cn c nguyn nhn gy ri ro, cn c nghip v bo him

* Cn c vo nguyn nhn gy ri ro (5):

(i)thin tai,

(ii)tai nn bt ng trn bin,

(iii)do hnh ng chnh tr x hi hoc do li ca ngi c bo him,

(iv)do cc hnh ng ring l ca con ngi,

(v)do cc nguyn nhn khc, thng l ri ro ph

* Cn c vo nghip v bo him (3) gm: ri ro thng thng c bo him, ri rophi bo him ring, ri ro loi tr.

(i)Ri ro thng thng c bo him gm ri ro chnh v ph

+Ri ro chnh (6): c bo him bnh thng trong cc iu kin bo

him gc, gm: mc cn, chm m, chy, m va, nm hng xungbin, mt tch

+Ri ro ph: rch, v, g, bp, cong vnh, nc ma,

(ii)Ri ro phi bo him ring (loi tr tng i): chin tranh, nh cng

(iii)Ri ro loi tr (tuyt i) (7)

+Bun lu

+Li ca ngi c bo him

+Ni t

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+n t

+Tu i chch hng

+Tu khng kh nng i bin

+Mt kh nng ti chnh ch tu

Chi tit:

* Cn c vo nguyn nhn gy ri ro (5)11

- Thin tai (Act of God): l nhng hin tng t nhin m con ngi khng chi phic (bin ng, bo, gi, lc, st nh, thi tit xu, sng thn, ng t, ni la

phun...)

- Tai nn bt ng trn bin12 (peril of the sea/ accident of the sea): l nhng tai nn

xy ra i vi con tu ngoi bin (mc cn, chm m, chy, n, m va, mt tch,cp bin13)

- Ri ro do cc hnh ng chnh tr x hi hoc do li ca ngi c bo himgy nn (chin tranh, nh cng, khng b)

- Ri ro do cc hnh ng ring l ca con ngi(cp bin)

- Ri ro do cc nguyn nhn khc, thng l cc ri ro ph14(rch, v, ly bn, lyhi, )

11 Ngoi 5 ci ny, trong sgk cn c thmRi ro do bn cht hoc tnh cht c bitca i tng bo him hoc nhng thit hi m nguyn nhn trc tip l chm tr.

12 y l nhng ri ro chnh c bo him.

13 Cp bin: c th l Tai nn bt ng trn bin hoc Ri ro do hnh ng ring l

ca con ngi14 Ri ro ph: xem thm cu 3. Ri ro loi tr: xem cu 4

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* Cn c vo nghip v bo him gm (3): ri ro thng thng c bo him, ri rophi bo him ring, ri ro loi tr.

- Cc ri ro thng thng c bo him: l cc ri ro c bo him mt cchbnh thng theo nhng iu kin bo him gc, gm ri ro chnh v ph.

+ Ri ro chnh: (6) l ri ro thng xuyn xy ra v c bo him trong miiu kin bo him (C): mc cn, chm m, chy, m va, mt tch, vt hng xung

bin

- Ri ro mc cn (stranding): l hin tng tu i vo ch nc nng, y tuchm vi y bin hoc nm trn mt chng ngi vt khc lm cho hnh trnh catu b gin on v mun thot c phi nh n ngoi lc; ri ro mc cn bao gmc ri ro mc kt15.

- Ri ro chm m (sinking): l hin tng tu hoc phng tin vn chuynb chm hn xung nc, y tu chm vi y bin lm cho hnh trnh b hu b16.

- Ri ro chy (Fire): l hin tng xy ho hng ho hay vt th khc trn tuc to nhit lng cao:

+ Chy bnh thng: do nguyn nhn t bn ngoi hay do nhngnguyn nhn khch quan nh thin tai, s sut ca ngi khng phi ngi c

bo him, buc phi thiu hu trnh b ch bt hoc trnh ly lan dch bnh

+ Chy ni t: do bn thn hng ho t bc chy m ngi bo himchng minh c l do qu trnh bc xp hng ho ln tu khng thch hp hocdo bn cht t nhin ca hng ho

Cng ty bo him ch bi thng chy bnh thng.Bi thng cchi ph dp chy cho d khng thnh cng( phng, hn ch tn tht)

15 Mc kt: ri ro chm y an ton: do thy triu cng bin, vn hnh tr likhng cn ngoi lc.

16 Hnh trnh b hu b l yu t quan trng nht trong ri ro chm m.

Tu chm m l tn tht ton b thc t: s tin bi thng bng ng s tin bohim. (Xem S tin bo him cu 5 chng 1). Sau khi bi thng, ngi bo himc quyn nhn hoc t chi quyn s hu xc tu.

Tu chm m nu trc vt c th khng bi thng theo ri ro chm m m bithng cc chi ph trc vt, lai dt, sa cha.

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- Ri ro m va17(Collision): l hin tng phng tin vn chuyn m hocva vi bt k vt no bn ngoi tr nc (bao gm c nc ~ bng tri)

- Ri ro vt hoc nm xung bin (Jettision): l hnh ng vt mt phnhng ho hoc trang thit b ca tu xung bin nhm mc ch cu tu v hnh trnhca tu.

Phi c tin hnh hp l: mc ch cu tu v hnh trnh ca tu; nmlng hng va ; nm t d n kh.

- Ri ro mt tch18 (missing):l trng hp tu khng n c cng nh quynh ca hp ng v sau mt khong thi gian nht nh k t ngy hnh trnh b mttin tc v tu v hng ho trn tu.

+ Php: 6 thng i vi hnh trnh ngn v 12 thng i vi hnh trnh

di

+ Anh v cc nc theo lut Anh: thi gian tuyn b tu mt tch bng3 ln hnh trnh (t cng xp n cng d) nhng khng nh hn 2thng v khng ln hn 6 thng.

+ Vit Nam: thi gian tuyn b tu mt tch bng 3 ln hnh trnh (tim cui cng nhn c tin tc ca tu n thi im tu ngl v cng d hng) ca tu nhng khng nh hn 3 thng. Nu victhng bo tin tc b nh hng bi chin tranh hoc nhng hot ng

qun s th thi hn ni trn c i thnh 6 thng.

17 Xem ri ro m va cu 40, 41, 42, 43, 44.

Trch nhim trong v tu m va: c bo him bi bo him thn tu, bi bohim trch nhim dn s ch tu.

18 Tu mt tch b xa tn khi S ng k tu bin quc gia. Vic bi thng v tntht hng ha ch trn tu mt tch ch c tin hnh khi tu ch hng b tuyn bmt tch. Sau khi bi thng cho ch hnh theo ri ro tu mt tch, tu li c tm

thy th ngi bo him c quyn s hu tt c nhng g thuc v hng ha cbo him trn tu.

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+ Cc ri ro ph19 : l nhng ri ro t xy ra, ch c bo him trong cc iukin bo him rng nht A: rch, v, g, bp, cong, vnh, hp hi, mt mi, ly bn,ly bnh, va p vo hng ho khc, hnh vi c , trm cp, cp, nc ma, mccu, giao thiu hng hoc khng giao hng

-Hp hil s thot hi nc t bn thn hng ho, phng tin chuyn chhng ho ly lan sang khi hng ho c xp trong hm tu, container thng gikm

-Ly hil hng ho b h hi km phm cht t hng ho khc hoc phngtin chuyn ch ly sang

-Ly bn l hng ho b lm bn dn n km phm cht

- Gl hng ho bng kim loi b hoen r do ly hi, do nc ma, nc bin

hoc t ri ro bo him khc em li

- Mc cu l s thiu ht hng ho do qu trnh mc cu trong khi xp dhng ho ti cng gy nn lm mt nguyn ai nguyn kin hay rch v bao b.

- Cc ri ro phi bo him ring20 (ri ro loi tr tng i): l nhng ri ro loi tri vi cc iu kin bo him tiu chun, nu mun c bo him th phi muaring:

- Ri ro chin tranh (War Risk- WA)

- Ri ro nh cng (SRCC- strike, riots & civil commodition)

19 Phi do cc yu t khc nh phng tin chuyn ch, cng c xp d gy ra. Nu

h hng do bn thn hng ho gy nn th khng bao gi c bi thng.20 Ch tn ti trong ICC 1982, QTC 1990 khng quy nh.

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- Ri ro loi tr (loi tr tuyt i): l nhng ri ro khng c bo him i vi bohim hng hi trong mi trng hp: (7)21

- Bun lu (Contraband)

- Li ca ngi c bo him (Insureds fault)

- Tu khng kh nng i bin (Unseaworthiness)

- Tu i chch hng 22(Deviation)

- Ni t 23(Inherent Vice)

- n t 24(Latent Defect)

- Mt kh nng ti chnh ca ch tu

LU , Y L MT CU HI RT DI, NU RI C GP PHI, KHITR LI CU NY TA CH NU TN CC RI RO CH KHNG CNTRNH BY HT. NU C B HI RI RO NY L NH TH NO THMI TIP TC TR LI.

Y L PHN QUAN TRNG, TT NHT NN HC TON B.

21 Tu khng kh nng i bin v Mt kh nng ti chnh ch tu khng c trongICC 1963.

22 Tu i chch hng: l tu i sai trnh t hoc i ra ngoi trnh t c quy nhkhng v l do chnh ng (nguyn nhn cu nn, lnh nn hay trnh gp ri ro).

23 Ni t l bn cht ca hng ha.

24 n t l nhng khuyt tt ca hng ha, nu ch kim tra bn ngoi hng ha mtcch thng thng th khng th pht hin c.

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Cu 3: Ri ro ph trong BH hng ho vn chuyn bng ng bin lg bao gm nhng ri ro nh th no? Cc ri ro ph c th c

bo him theo nhng cch no?

Tr li:

Cc ri ro ph25 : l nhng ri ro t xy ra,ch c bo him trong cc iukin bo him rng nht A: rch, v, g, bp, cong, vnh, hp hi, mt mi, ly bn,ly bnh, va p vo hng ho khc, hnh vi c , trm cp, cp, nc ma, mccu, giao thiu hng hoc khng giao hng

-Hp hil s thot hi nc t bn thn hng ho, phng tin chuyn ch

hng ho ly lan sang khi hng ho c xp trong hm tu, container thng gikm

-Ly hil hng ho b h hi km phm cht t hng ho khc hoc phngtin chuyn ch ly sang

-Ly bn l hng ho b lm bn dn n km phm cht

- Gl hng ho bng kim loi b hoen r do ly hi, do nc ma, nc binhoc t ri ro bo him khc em li


Ri ro ph c th c bo him bng cch mua bo him theo iu kin bo him A

25 Phi do cc yu t khc nh phng tin chuyn ch, cng c xp d gy ra. Nuh hng do bn thn hng ho gy nn th khng bao gi c bi thng.

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Cu 4: Ri ro loi tr trong BH hng ho chuyn ch bng ng bintheo ICC 1982.

Tr li:

Ri ro loi tr (loi tr tuyt i)26: l nhng ri ro khng c bo him i vibo him hng hi trong mi trng hp: (7)

1 - Bun lu (Contraband)

2 - Li ca ngi c bo him (Insureds fault)

3 - Tu khng kh nng i bin27 (Unseaworthiness)

4 - Tu i chch hng 28(Deviation)

5 - Ni t 29(Inherent Vice)

6 - n t 30(Latent Defect)

7 - Mt kh nng ti chnh ca ch tu

26 Ri ro 4, 7 khng c trong ICC 1963

27 Tu kh nng i bin: Trc v lc bt u hnh trnh, ngi chuyn ch phicn mn hp l lm cho tu c kh nng i bin: l tu chu c sng githng thng ca bin c, c ch hng ha an ton n cng ch. C th:

- Tu bn, chc khe, v tu v my mc khng c khuyt tt

- Tu c trang b nhng my mc, phng tin cn thit cho vic i bin

- Tu c bin ch mt thuyn b y v s lng, m bo v chtlng

- Tu c cung ng y du m, lng thc, thc phm, d tr khc

- Hm tu, bung lnh, ni cha hng khc phi sch s, thch hp cho vicchuyn ch hng ha lin quan.

28 Tu i chch hng: l tu i sai trnh t hoc i ra ngoi trnh t c quy nhkhng v l do chnh ng (nguyn nhn cu nn, lnh nn hay trnh gp ri ro).

29 Ni t l bn cht ca hng ha.

30 n t l nhng khuyt tt ca hng ha, nu ch kim tra bn ngoi hng ha mtcch thng thng th khng th pht hin c.

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Cu 5: Ri ro c bo him trong BHHH theo ICC 1982:

Tr li:

- Cc ri ro thng thng c bo him: l cc ri ro c bo him mt cchbnh thng theo nhng iu kin bo him gc, gm ri ro chnh v ph.

+ Ri ro chnh: (6) l ri ro thng xuyn xy ra v c bo him trong miiu kin bo him (C): mc cn, chm m, chy, m va, mt tch, vt hng xung

bin

- Ri ro mc cn (stranding): l hin tng tu i vo ch nc nng, y tu

chm vi y bin hoc nm trn mt chng ngi vt khc lm cho hnh trnh catu b gin on v mun thot c phi nh n ngoi lc; ri ro mc cn bao gmc ri ro mc kt31.

- Ri ro chm m (sinking): l hin tng tu hoc phng tin vn chuynb chm hn xung nc, y tu chm vi y bin lm cho hnh trnh b hu b32.

- Ri ro chy (Fire): l hin tng xy ho hng ho hay vt th khc trn tuc to nhit lng cao:

+ Chy bnh thng: do nguyn nhn t bn ngoi hay do nhng

nguyn nhn khch quan nh thin tai, s sut ca ngi khng phi ngi cbo him, buc phi thiu hu trnh b ch bt hoc trnh ly lan dch bnh

+ Chy ni t: do bn thn hng ho t bc chy m ngi bo himchng minh c l do qu trnh bc xp hng ho ln tu khng thch hp hocdo bn cht t nhin ca hng ho

Cng ty bo him ch bi thng chy bnh thng.Bi thng cchi ph dp chy cho d khng thnh cng( phng, hn ch tn tht)

31 Mc kt: ri ro chm y an ton: do thy triu cng bin, vn hnh tr likhng cn ngoi lc.

32 Hnh trnh b hu b l yu t quan trng nht trong ri ro chm m.

Tu chm m l tn tht ton b thc t: s tin bi thng bng ng s tin bohim. (Xem S tin bo him cu 5 chng 1). Sau khi bi thng, ngi bo himc quyn nhn hoc t chi quyn s hu xc tu.

Tu chm m nu trc vt c th khng bi thng theo ri ro chm m m bithng cc chi ph trc vt, lai dt, sa cha.

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- Ri ro m va33 (Collision): l hin tng phng tin vn chuyn m hocva vi bt k vt no bn ngoi tr nc (bao gm c nc ~ bng tri)

- Ri ro vt hoc nm xung bin (Jettision): l hnh ng vt mt phnhng ho hoc trang thit b ca tu xung bin nhm mc ch cu tu v hnh trnhca tu.

Phi c tin hnh hp l: mc ch cu tu v hnh trnh ca tu; nmlng hng va ; nm t d n kh.

- Ri ro mt tch34 (missing):l trng hp tu khng n c cng nh quynh ca hp ng v sau mt khong thi gian nht nh k t ngy hnh trnh b mttin tc v tu v hng ho trn tu.

+ Php: 6 thng i vi hnh trnh ngn v 12 thng i vi hnh trnh

di

+ Anh v cc nc theo lut Anh: thi gian tuyn b tu mt tch bng3 ln hnh trnh (t cng xp n cng d) nhng khng nh hn 2thng v khng ln hn 6 thng.

+ Vit Nam: thi gian tuyn b tu mt tch bng 3 ln hnh trnh (tim cui cng nhn c tin tc ca tu n thi im tu ngl v cng d hng) ca tu nhng khng nh hn 3 thng. Nu victhng bo tin tc b nh hng bi chin tranh hoc nhng hot ng

qun s th thi hn ni trn c i thnh 6 thng.

+ Cc ri ro ph35 : l nhng ri ro t xy ra, ch c bo him trong cc iukin bo him rng nht A: rch, v, g, bp, cong, vnh, hp hi, mt mi, ly bn,ly bnh, va p vo hng ho khc, hnh vi c , trm cp, cp, nc ma, mccu, giao thiu hng hoc khng giao hng

33 Xem ri ro m va cu 40, 41, 42, 43, 44.

Trch nhim trong v tu m va: c bo him bi bo him thn tu, bi bohim trch nhim dn s ch tu.

34 Tu mt tch b xa tn khi S ng k tu bin quc gia. Vic bi thng v tntht hng ha ch trn tu mt tch ch c tin hnh khi tu ch hng b tuyn bmt tch. Sau khi bi thng cho ch hnh theo ri ro tu mt tch, tu li c tmthy th ngi bo him c quyn s hu tt c nhng g thuc v hng ha c

bo him trn tu.

35 Phi do cc yu t khc nh phng tin chuyn ch, cng c xp d gy ra. Nuh hng do bn thn hng ho gy nn th khng bao gi c bi thng.

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-Hp hil s thot hi nc t bn thn hng ho, phng tin chuyn chhng ho ly lan sang khi hng ho c xp trong hm tu, container thng gikm

-Ly hil hng ho b h hi km phm cht t hng ho khc hoc phng

tin chuyn ch ly sang-Ly bn l hng ho b lm bn dn n km phm cht

- Gl hng ho bng kim loi b hoen r do ly hi, do nc ma, nc binhoc t ri ro bo him khc em li


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Cu 6: Tn tht v cc loi tn tht trong bo him?

Tr li:1. Khi nim tn tht:

Tn tht l nhng mt mt, h hi ca i tng bo him do nhng ri ro c bohim36 gy nn.

2. Phn loi:

2.1. Cn c vo mc v quy m tn tht: (2)

- Tn tht b phn (patial loss): l s mt mt, h hi mt phn i tng bo himthuc mt hp ng bo him37.

V d: l hng 10 tn ng trong qu trnh vn chuyn b tn tht 1 tn.

- Tn tht ton b (total loss): l hng ha bo him b mt 100% gi tr hoc gi trs dng. Tn tht ton b gm 2 loi:

+Loi 1: Tn tht ton b thc t (actual total loss): l tn tht m do itng bo him b ph hy hon ton hay b h hng nghim trng khng,hoc ngi c bo him b tc quyn s hu vi i tng bo him.

V d: hng ha bo him b ph hy hon ton do chy hoc n

36

Ri ro c bo him: Cu 537 Hp ng bo him: Cu 24

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+Loi 2: Tn tht ton b c tnh (contructive total loss) 38: l tn tht xtthy khng sao trnh khi tn tht ton b thc t hay nhng chi ph phi bra sa cha, khi phc v a i tng bo him v ch bng hoc vtqu gi tr ca i tng bo him hoc gi tr bo him.

V d: tu gi b h hng nng v chi ph sa cha tu ln hn gi tr tu saukhi sa cha xong.

2.2. Cn c vo quyn li v trch nhim: (2)

- Tn tht ring (particular average): l tn tht ca ring tng quyn li bo himdo thin tai, tai nn bt nggy nn. V d, dc ng tu b st nh lm hng haca ch hng A b chy.

- Tn tht chung (general average)39: l nhng thit hi xy ra do nhng chi ph

hoc hi sinh c bit c tin hnh mt cch c v hp l nhm mc ch cuti sn khi b tai ha trong mt hnh trnh chung trn bin.

Tn tht chung gm: hy sinh tn tht chung, chi ph tn tht chung.

38 Tn tht ton b c tnh: Cu 8

- Hnh ng t b hng: l hnh ng ca ngi c bo him t b mi quyn lii vi hng ha cho ngi bo him trong trng hp tn tht ton b c tnh c bi thng ton b.

- Nguyn tc t b i tng bo him:

+ Tuyn b t b hng (notice of abandonment - NOA) gi cho ngi bohim bng vn bn.

+ Ch t b khi hng ha cn dc ng v cha b tn tht ton b thc t.

+ Khi t b c ngi bo him chp nhn th khng thay i c na.39 Tn tht chung: cu 9

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Cu 7: Nu nh ngha v cho v d v tn tht ton b thc t v tntht ton b c tnh.

Tr li:

Tn tht ton b (total loss): l hng ha bo him b mt 100% gi tr hoc gi trs dng. Tn tht ton b gm 2 loi:

- Loi 1: Tn tht ton b thc t (actual total loss): l tn tht m do i tngbo him b ph hy hon ton hay b h hng nghim trng khng, hoc ngi cbo him b tc quyn s hu vi i tng bo him.

V d: hng ha bo him b ph hy hon ton do chy hoc n

- Loi 2: Tn tht ton b c tnh (contructive total loss) 40: l tn tht xt thykhng sao trnh khi tn tht ton b thc t hay nhng chi ph phi b ra sacha, khi phc v a i tng bo him v ch bng hoc vt qu gi tr ca itng bo him hoc gi tr bo him.

V d: + tn tht xt thy khng sao trnh khi tn tht ton b thc t: mt l ngang c ch v cng ch, dc ng ng b ngm nc v bt u thi, nu cmang v ch th ng s thi ht.

+ chi ph phi b ra sa cha, khi phc v a i tng bo him v ch bnghoc vt qu gi tr ca i tng bo him hoc gi tr bo him: tu gi b h hngnng v chi ph sa cha tu ln hn gi tr tu sau khi sa cha xong.

40 Tn tht ton b c tnh: Cu 8

- Hnh ng t b hng: l hnh ng ca ngi c bo him t b mi quyn lii vi hng ha cho ngi bo him trong trng hp tn tht ton b c tnh c bi thng ton b.

- Nguyn tc t b i tng bo him:

+ Tuyn b t b hng (notice of abandonment - NOA) gi cho ngi bohim bng vn bn.

+ Ch t b khi hng ha cn dc ng v cha b tn tht ton b thc t.+ Khi t b c ngi bo him chp nhn th khng thay i c na.

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8. Mt tn tht nh th no c coi l tn tht ton b c tnh:

Tr li: p n nh cu 7.

Tn tht ton b c tnh: l nhng tn tht xt thy ko sao trnh khi tntht ton b thc t hoc chi ph b ra sa cha, khi phc a itng bo him v ch bng hoc vt qu tr gi ca i tng bohim hoc gi tr bo him

Tng t nh cu 7, trong cu hi ny cng phi ch s c th b hithm v:

S khc nhau vi tn tht ton b thc tTrch nhim ca bo him trong tn tht ton b c tnhQuy trnh c bo him ton b c tnh

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9. Khi nim v c trng ca tn tht chung

Tr li:

+ Khi nim:Tn tht chung l nhng thit hi do nhng chi ph v hy sinh c bitc tin hnh mt cch c v hp l nhm cu tu, hng ha v cc

ph khi b tai ha trong mt hnh trnh chung trn bin.Mun c tn tht chung phi c hnh ng tn tht chung.

+ c trng ca tn tht chung:- Hnh ng tn tht chung phi l hnh ng c 41 ca nhng ngi

trn tu v do mnh lnh ca thuyn trng hy sinh ti sn ca ch tuv ch hng.- Phi l hnh ng hp l42.- Thit hi trong tn tht chung phi l thit hi c bit43, ko din ratrong iu kin i bin thng thng.- Nguy c e da hnh trnh phi nghim trng v thc t. Tc l nguy ce da hnh trnh phi cp bch v hy sinh tn tht chung l iu kinduy nht c th cu vn c hnh trnh44.- Tn tht chung phi v an ton chung

- Xy ra trn bin45

- Mt mt, thit hi hoc chi ph phi l hu qu trc tip ca hnh ngtn tht chung

Lu : C th mi trng hp a ra s phi nu v d c th

41 Hiu hnh ng c l nh th no? 42 Hp l l nh th no? Ch v hng d nm nm trc Hng d lp chthng, lp trc..43 Thit hi c bit l thit hi khng din ra trong iu kin thng (pht sinh thnh ng c ch)44 iu ny thc ra do quyt nh ca Thuyn trng. Trong tnh hung cp bch,thuyn trng c th t ra quyt nh mt cch hp l nht c th.45Phi xy ra trn bin Ch ny cn cc k lu , v trong nh ngha bo himc ni bo him bo him cho lin quan ti hnh trnh ng bin, nhng y,trong tn tht chung s ch c tn tht chung xy ra trn bin m thi.

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10. Lut l gii quyt vn tn tht chung?

Tr li:Lut l gii quyt vn tn tht chung gm c cc ngun lut chnh, l:

- Quy tc v tn tht chung ln u tin c thng qua ti York (Anh)nm 1864 Quy tc York.- Quy tc York c sa i b sung ti Antwerp (B) nm 1924 Quytc York Antwerp- Quy tc York-Antwerp c sa i, b sung vo cc nm 1950, 1974,1990, 2004.

Nhng phin bn sa i, b sung sau khng lm mt tnh php l cacc phin bn trc.46

Lu : C th hi thm v nhng thay i ca quy tc York Antwerp2004 so vi 199447

46 iu ny c ngha, quy tc YA khng mang tnh bt buc, n ch mang tnh btbuc khi dn chiu vo n. Nu trong bi khng ni r l p dng phin bn no (cnch thay i ca bn 2004 v 1994) th cn phi phn trng hp.47 Ch v nhng sa i ca bn 2004 vi bn 1994, theo mt s khon s khngc tnh vo tn tht chung. C th xem slide v gio trnh, ci ny c th b hithm.

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11. Cch tnh ton phn b tn tht chung

Tr li:

Vic tnh ton phn b tn tht chung c tin hnh theo 5 bc:+ Bc 1: Xc nh gi tr tn tht chung:tng gi tr tn tht chung l tng nhng hy sinh v chi ph c cngnhn l tn tht chung. Nu hng ha b hy sinh v tn tht chung th gitr c tnh l gi tr hng ha vo lc d hng, cn c vo ha nthng mi hoc cn c vo gi hng lc xp hng xung tu. Gi tr ny

bao gm c chi ph bo him v cc ph, tr trng hp cc ph48 kothuc trch nhim thanh ton ca ch hng.

+ Bc 2: Xc nh gi tr chu phn b:- l gi tr ti sn c mt trn tu ca tt c cc quyn li vo thi im chnh ng tn tht chung49, tc l tng cc gi tr c hnh ng tntht chung cu thot, bao gm c nhng gi tr hy sinh v an tonchung.- nhng ti sn, mt mt h hi xy ra trc hnh ng tn tht chung koc tnh vo gi tr chu phn b nhng tn tht ring xy ra vo sau hnhng tn tht chung th vn tnh.

+ Bc 3: Xc nh t l ng gp= tng gi tr tn tht chung/ tng gi tr chu phn b ri x100%

+ Bc 4: Tnh s tin phi ng gp ca tng quyn liS tin ng gp ca tng quyn li bng t l ng gp nhn vi gi trng gp ca tng quyn liC=(L/CV)*v

L: tng gi tr tn tht chung

CV: tng gi tr chu phn b v: gi tr chu phn b ca tng quyn li

+ Bc 5: Tnh ton kt qu ti chnh l s tin thc s thu v hoc bthm ra ca tng ch hng hay ch tu sau khi tr i phn gi tr ti snhoc chi ph h b ra trong hnh ng tn tht chung

48 Cc ph l mt mc trong gi tr chu phn b.49 Thi im c hnh ng tn tht chung, c th hiu l ngay trc khi din ra hny.

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PHN PHN B TN THT CHUNG L PHN C BITQUAN TRNG, PHI HT SC LU , LM R BI TP, RTC TH S C YU CU THC HIN MT BI TP NH.

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12. Phn bit tn tht chung v tn tht ring? cho VD minh ha

Tr li: Tn tht ring l tn tht ca quyn li bo him50 do thin tai, tai

nn bt ng gy nn Tn tht chung l thit hi do nhng chi ph v hy sinh c bit

c tin hnh mt cch c v hp l nhm cu tu v hng hakhi b tai ha trong mt hnh trnh trn bin.

Nh vy tn tht ring v tn tht chung c nhng im khc nhau cbn sau:

- tn tht ring do nguyn nhn khch quan51, nm ngoi mun ch

quan ca con ngi cn tn tht chung do hnh ng c 52 ca conngi.

- Tn tht ring ko c cc quyn li cn li trn tu n b cntn tht chung c tnh ton v n b.

- VD v tn tht ring: tu b m chm, hng ha thit hi hon ton l tn tht ring

- VD v tn tht chung: tu i ng gp bo, thuyn trng ra lnhvt bt hng ha tu c th i c nhanh hn ra khi vng both s hng ha b hy sinh c tnh vo tn tht chung

50 QUYN LI BO HIM l duy nht, khng c lin can g ti cc quyn li khc(v d ch hng A l ch hng A, ch hng B l ch hng B).51 Ch , nguyn nhn khch quan y vn hm cc hnh ng nh cp, hnhng xu (c bo himvn l hnh ng c ca con ngi, nhng khng

phi l ngi trc tip lin quan ti bo him).52 Ti sao li l hnh ng c ? do lnh ca thuyn trng nhm cu cc quyn likhc.

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13 Tn tht chung l g? cho VD minh ha

Tr li:

Tn tht chung l thit hi do nhng chi ph v hy sinh c bit c tinhnh mt cch c v hp l nhm cu tu v hng ha khi b tai hatrong hnh trnh trn bin.VD minh ha: Nh cu 12

Lu :C th hi thm c v tn tht ring, hoc a ra bi tp tnh hung v

phn bit u l tn tht chung u l tn tht ring, tnh hung hi xem

l c c tnh vo tn tht chung hay koMt con tu i bin, nghe tin c bo nn qung bt hng chy chonhanh. Tuy nhin sau bo i i hng v khng xy ra nh d

bo. Nh vy s hng b qung do nghe d bo lc u c c tnh ltn tht chung hay ko?

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14. Trch nhim ca cc bn lin quan khi xy ra tn tht chung

Tr li:Khi xy ra tn tht chung, cc bn lin quan c nhng trch nhim sau:+ Ch tu v thuyn trng:

- Tuyn b tn tht chung- Mi gim nh vin n gim nh tn tht ca tu v hng.- Gi cho cc ch hng bn cam oan ng gp v giy cam oan

ng gp tn tht ch hng v ng bo him in v xut trnhkhi nhn hng

- Ch nh mt nhn vin tnh ton, phn b tn tht chung- Lp khng ngh hng hi nu cn

- ng gp vo tn tht chung sau khi phn b xong tn tht chung

+ Ch hng:- Nhn bn cam oan ng gp tn tht chung v giy cam oan

ng gp tn tht chung- K khai gi tr hng ha- ng gp vo tn tht chung sau khi phn b

Lu :

C th c cu hi nh sau:Nu gi s tu h hng, ch tu phi d hng A ra sa tu ri li xphng A vo chy tu tip. Chi ph xp d nh vy c tnh vo TTC hayko? Trong TH ko tnh m ch hng A ko chu tr th ch tu phi lm thno? (haizz, chc l i bo him thi)

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Cu 15: Nhng sa i c bn ca qui tc York Antwerp 2004 so vicc qui tc trc

Tr li:Nhng sa i c bn53 ca qui tc York - Antwerp54 200455:

Qui tc VI: Chi ph cu h b loi tr khi tn tht chung 56

Loi b nguyn tc 2: ch c cc tn tht v chi ph xy ra v an ton chung ca

cc ti sn trong hnh trnh mi c a vo tn tht chung cn cc chi ph v li

ch chung s b hy b

thay i qui tc XI: tin lng ca s quan thy th trong thi gian tu lu li cng

lnh nn s khng c a vo tn tht chung, tuy nhin chi ph nhin liu v phtng thay th vn c a vo tn tht chung

Khon li sut 2% trong qui tc XX b bi b57

Li sut trong qui tc XXI vn c duy tr nhng khng phi l 7%58 m s c

y ban hng hi quc t (CMI) n nh hng nm

Thi hiu t tng: 1 nm k t ngy bn tnh ton phn b tn tht chung c

cng b, hoc 6 nm k t ngy kt thc hnh trnh trong xy ra tn tht

chung. Tuy nhin cc bn vn c th tha thun ko di thi hn trn.

53 Thay i do p lc ch yu t pha Lin on bo him hng hi quc t (IUMU)

54 Qui tc Y-A gii quyt cc vn v tn tht chung CU S 10 (chng 2)

55 C hiu lc t 1/1/2005 v tr nn bt li cho ch tu56 B do nhiu trng hp lng ph v ko r rng, tuy nhin c cho vo tt chung khi

chi ph ny c 1 bn i din cho bn khc lin quan ti hnh trnh ng tr trc

(v d: ch tu chng hn)

57 Quy tc XX = Qui tc xt x: Vic ng qu: Khon tin 2% ca s tin chi cho TTC

khng k lng v ph cp cho thuyn trng, cc s quan v thy th on v cc

nhin liu v cc d tr khc khng phi thay th trong hnh trnh, s c tha nhn

trong TTC58 Li tc cho nhng thit hi c coi l TTC

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Cu 16: Vai tr cn thit ca bo him hng ha vn chuyn bngng bin

Tr li:

Hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin thng gp rt nhiu ri ro 59c th gy

ra nhng h hng, mt mt nh tu b mc cn, m, m va nhau, chy, n,

mt tch, ...

Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin rt hn ch v vic khiu ni

i bi thng rt kh khn

Mua bo him mi bo v c li ch ca doanh nghip khi c tn tht v to

ra tm l an tm trong kinh doanh

Mua bo him cho hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin l mt tp qun

thng mi quc t60.

Ngoi ra cn mt vai tr na, bo him gip tng thc gi gn an ton hng ha. ny c gii thch t pha trch nhim ca bn bo him v thc tng thm ca bnmua bo him.

59 C th b hi vn nhng ri ro y l nhng ri ro g, cn ch 60 Thc ra khng bt buc, nhng thnh thng l, thi quen

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Cu18: Cc iu kin bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng binca Anh v ca Vit Nam

Tr li:Bo him VN s dng cc qui tc chung do B ti chnh ban hnh vi ni dung chyu da trn cc ICC:- QTC 1965: FPA, WA, AR tng t nh ICC 1963 nhng cha cp ti WR vSRCC c 5 /k bo him theo QTC 65

- QTC 1990: C, B, A tng t nh ICC 1982; Ngoi ra c quy nh cc t chc c thm rng cc iu kin bo him

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Cu 19: Phm vi trch nhim bo him theo iu kin A ICC 1982

Tr li:Bo him bi thng trong 12 trng hp, bao gm7 iu kin C:

1. Mc cn, m chy, m va2. D hng ti mt cng gp nn3. Phng tin vn chuyn ng b b lt hoc b trt bnh4. Tn tht chung v cc chi ph hp l (chi ph cu nn, chi ph phng

hn ch tn tht, chi ph gim nh, chi ph khiu ni t tng)5. Nm hng ra khi tu62

6. Mt tch63

7. Phn trch nhim m ngi bo him phi chu theo iu khon 2 tum va nhau cng c li

Thm 4 iu kin trong B:8. ng t, ni la phun, st nh.9. Nc cun khi tu6410. Nc bin, nc sng, nc h trn vo tu, hm hng, x lan, phng

tin vn chuyn hoc ni cha hng11. Tn tht ton b ca bt k mt kin hng no do ri khi tu hoc ri

trong khi ang xp d hng ha.Thm mt iu kin tn tht ph:

12. Tn tht do cc ri ro ph gy nn: rch, v, g, bp, cong, vnh, hphi, mt mi, ly hi, ly bn, hnh vi c hoc ph hoi (khng phica ngi c bo him), va p vo hng ha khc, trm, cp, cp,nc ma65, giao thiu hng ha hoc khng giao, mc cu hoc ccri ro tng t.

62 Gm nm xung bin, nm ln tu khc v nm ln b (c th l tt chung hoc tt

ring)

63 Hng mt tch khi tu mt tch hoc hng mt tch khi tu ko mt tch (nm hng

sang tu khc nhng ri xung bin ko trc vt c)

64 K c trng hp do iu kin khc nghit khin t dy ri hng

65 Ch , rt quan trng, nc ma ch c cp trong iu kin cao nht l iukin A. iu kin B ch l nc bin

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Cu 20: Phm vi trch nhim bo him theo iu kin B ICC 1982

Tr li:Bo him bi thng trong 11 trng hp bao gm:7 iu kin C:



6. Mt tch67

7. Phn trch nhim m ngi bo him phi chu theo iu khon 2 tum va nhau cng c li

4 iu kin thm8. ng t, ni la phun, st nh.9. Nc cun khi tu6810. Nc bin, nc sng, nc h69 trn vo tu, hm hng, x lan,

phng tin vn chuyn hoc ni cha hng11. Tn tht ton b ca bt k mt kin hng no do ri khi tu hoc ri

trong khi ang xp d hng ha.


ring)



68 K c trng hp do iu kin khc nghit khin t dy ri hng

69 Lu , iu kin B ch c nc bin, sng, h, khng h c nc ma. Nu ni tinc ma th phi l iu kin A

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Cu 21: Phm vi trch nhim bo him theo iu kin C ICC 1982

Tr li:Bo him bi thng trong 7 trng hp:



6. Mt tch717. Phn trch nhim m ngi bo him phi chu theo iu khon 2 tu

m va nhau cng c li72


ring)



72 Ht sc ch iu khon 2 tu m va nhau cng c li, rt c th s b hi, vvy cn hiu k loi ny.

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Cu 22: Phm vi trch nhim bo him theo 2 iu kin bo him cbit ca ICC 1982

2 iu kin bo him c bit gm wr- bo him ri ro chin tranh v

SRCC- bo him ri ro nh cng. y l 2 iu kin bo him loi tr trong

cc iu kin bo him chnh v ngi c bo him phi mua thm nu

mun c bo him. C th:

1. Bo him ri ro chin tranh:

Cc ri ro c bo him:

Chin tranh, ni chin, cch mng, ni lon, khi ngha hoc

xung t dn s pht sinh t nhng bin c hoc bt k hnh

ng th ch no gy ra bi hay chng li 1 th lc tham chin

B chim ot, tch thu, b bt, b kim ch hoc b gi li pht

sinh t nhng bin c ni trn v hu qu ca chng, hoc m

mu tin hnh nhng hot ng .

Mn, ng li, bom hoc cc v kh chin tranh khc cn st li.

ng gp tn tht chung

2. iu kin bo him nh cng:

Ri ro c bo him:

Ngi nh cng, cng nhn b cm xng, hoc nhng ngi

tham gia gy ri lon lao ng, bo ng hoc ni dy ca dn

chng.

Bt k k khng b no hoc ngi no hnh ng v mc ch

chnh tr

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Tn tht chung v chi ph cu nn.

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Cu 23: iu khon bo him t kho n kho trong bo him hngha vn chuyn bng ng bin.

iu khon t kho n kho quy nh v mt khng gian v thi gian

ngi bo him chu trch nhim v hng ha. (c th la chn hnh trnh

nh hn c bo him)

Qung ng t cng n n kho n: bo him chu trch nhim

trong vng 60 ngy.

Bo him s ht hiu lc ty thuc vo 1 trong 2 iu kin:

- Hng c cho vo kho an ton (khng cn ch ht 60 ngy

na)

- Sau 60 ngy k t khi d hng xong.

Trong :

- Kho i: l kho m hng ha c ng gi 1 cch hon chnhch xp ln phng tin vn chuyn ng b, ng song mang ra

cng bin hoc l kho c ghi trn hp ng bo him. (tuy nhin, ng

bo him ch chu trch nhim tn tht nu tn tht xy ra trong thi

gian t khi hng c xp ln phng tin vn ti, ch khng da vo khi

nim kho i )

- Kho n: l kho cui cng thuc quyn s hu ca hoc qun l cangi c bo him hoc l kho nm ngoi hnh trnh vn chuyn bnh

thng ca tu hoc l kho m hng ha c gi nhm n hoc l kho

m ng c bo heiemr dung lm ni lu kho, lu bi, hay phn phi hng

ha hay la fkho c ghi trn hp ng bo him.

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Cu 24: Cc loi hp ng bo him hng ha vn chuyn bngng bin.

1. Hp ng bo him chuyn (Voyage Policy)

- nh ngha: l hp ng bo him cho mt chuyn hng hoc mt lhng c vn chuyn t mt cng ny n mt cng khc.

- Hiu lc: lun tun theo iu khon t kho n kho.

- Ch c gi tr i vi tng chuyn hng

- c th hin bng n bo him hoc giy chng nhn bo him

2. Hp ng bo him bao (Floating Policy)

- nh ngha: l hp ng dung bo him cho nhiu chuyn, nhiul hng trong 1 khong thi gian nht nh -> gi thng bo trcmi chuyn hng.

- C gi tr t ng linh hot, gip gim c thi gian v chi ph mphn v trnh c vic qun khng k hp ng bo him.

3. Hp ng bo him nh gi (Valued Policy)

- nh ngha: l loi hp ng khi k ngi ta nu r tr gi hoc stin bo him ca hp ng bo him.

- u im: d tnh ton ph bo him -> ch hng chc chn nhnc tin khi c tn tht xy ra.

- Nhc im: nu bin ng theo hng gi ln th ch hng b thitv n v bo him s ch bi thng theo mc ban u -> nn sdng trong hnh trnh ngn, i vi nhng l hng c gi c binng t trn th trng.

4. Hp ng bo him khng nh gi (Unvalued Policy)

- nh ngha: l loi hp ng khi k kt ngi ta khng ghi r s tinbo him hay gi tr bo him m ch nu ra nguyn tc tnh s

tin hay gi tr bo him: cn c vo gi tr hng ha bn n vongy tu n hoc ngy tu ng k phi n hoc tr gi hng ha

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lc xy ra tn tht, lc bi thng hoc lc chp nhn bi thng. ->vn phi np tin tm ng ch ko phi ph Bo him c nh.

- p dng i vi hng ha c gi c hay b bin ng trn th trng.

- VNam: khng s dng loi hp ng ny (theo Lut Kinh doanh Bohim 2000)

Cu 25: Mt l hng phn bn, ch hng ch mun bo him hng bt nc bin. Bn t vn cho ch hng nn mua bo him theoiu khon no, A, B hay C?? Gii thch.

Nn s dng loi hnh bo him loi B. Do loi hnh bo him loi C ko bithng cho tn tht loi ny, cn loi hnh bo him loi A th khng cn thit v chhng ch mun bo him hng b t nc bin thi (bo him loi A t tin hn)

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Cu 26: Ri ro cp bin c c bo him trong iu kin AR caICC 1963 hay khng? Nu khng th n c bo him theo iukin bo him no? Theo ICC 1982 th c th bo him cho ri ro

cp bin theo nhng cch no? Ti sao?

Tr li:

1. Trong ICC 1963, ri ro cp bin khng c bo him trong iu kin

AR, n c xp vo phm vi bo him trong iu kin bo him chin

tranh WR 1963.

2. Tuy nhin trong ICC 1963 cng khng cp n iu kin WR, v vy,ch c th mua thm iu kin ny bn ngoi. y cng l mt nhc

im ca ICC 1963.

3. Theo ICC 1982, Ri ro cp bin c xp vo nhm ri ro ph, v

vy ch c iu kin bo him cao nht l iu kin A, ri ro ny mi

c bo him. Ri ro ny c tch ra khi ri ro chin tranh, v

vy mun c bo him, phi mua iu kin A.

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Cu 27: so snh n bo him v giy chng nhn bo him.

Ging nhau: l nhng hnh thc ca hp ng bo him chuyn, c gi

tr cho tng chuyn hng v lun tun theo iu khon t kho n kho.

Khc nhau:

+ v hnh thc: n bo him y hn giy chng nhn bo him, bao gm

2 mt, mt trc v mt sau.

+ v ni dung: 2 mt ca n bo him gm:

- Mt 1: ghi cc chi tit v hng ha, tu, hnh trnh, ngi bo him,

ngi c bo him.

Tn, a ch ca ng BH v ng c BH

Tn hng, s lg, trng lg, s vn n

Cng i, cng n, cng chuyn ti

Gi tr BH, s tin BH

iu kin BH

T l ph BH, ph BH

Ni v c quan gim nh tn tht

Ni v cch thc bi thng

Ngy thng, ch k ca cng ty BH (ch cso ch k ca 1 bn=>>

tnh cht n v)

- Mt 2: in sn quy tc, th l ca cng ty bo him

Cn i vi giy chng nhn bo him, y c xem nh l 1 n bo

him vn tt, ch c ni dung nh mt 1 ca n bo him.

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Cu 28: B h s khiu ni ngi bo him trong bo him hng havn chuyn bng ng bin

D khiu ni i bi thng tn tht g th b h s khiu ni cng phi

gm cc giy t sau y:

1. n bo him (Insurance Policy) hoc Giy chng nhn bo him

(Certificate of Insurance), bn gc;

2. Vn n ng bin (B/L) bn gc v hp ng thu tu (C/P);

3. Ha n thng mi (Commercial Invoice) (bn chnh);

4. Ha n v cc chi ph khc, nu c;

5. Giy chng nhn trng lng, s lng;

6. Bin bn kt ton nhn hng vi tu (Report on Receipt of Cargo);

7. Phiu ng gi (Packing List) (Bn chnh);

8. Vn bn giy t c lin quan n vic i ngi th ba bi thng v tr li

ca h, nu c;

9. Khng ngh hng hi (Sea Protest) hoc Nht k hng hi (Log Book);

10.Th khiu ni c ghi r s tin yu cu bi thng.

Ngoi ra, ty trng hp tn tht cn phi c:

a. Nu i bi thng hng ha b h hng, v, thiu ht, gim

phm cht:

11.Bin bn gim nh (Survey Report ca ngi bo him hoc i l ca h

cp;

12.Bin bn d hng (Cargo Outturn Report - COR);13.Bin bn v h hng do Cng gy nn;

14.Th d khng (Letter of Reservation) trong trng hp tn tht khng r

rt.

b. Nu i bi thng hng thiu nguyn kin:

11.Bn kt ton nhn hng vi tu (ROROC);

12.Giy chng nhn hng thiu (Certificate of Shortlanded Cargo) do i l tu

bin cp;

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13.Kt ton li (Correction Sheet) ca Cng, nu c.

c. Nu i bi thng tn tht chung:

11.Vn bn tuyn b tn tht chung ca Thuyn trng (g/a declartion letter);

12.Bn tnh ton, phn b tn tht chung (General Average Adjustment) ca l

ton s;

13.Cc vn bn c lin quan khc nh Valuation Form, Average Bond,

Average Guarantee

Note:

- So snh n bo him v Giy chng nhn bo him => cu 27 chngII

- Cc vn lin quan n Vn n ng bin v Hp ng thu tu =>

xem thm trong gio trnh Giao nhn vn ti.

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CU 29: Cc nguyn tc bi thng trong hp ng vn chuyn hngha bng ng bin

Tr li:

Nguyn tc tnh ton tin bi thng tn tht ti cc cng ty bo him Vit Nam:

1) Bi thng bng tin ch k bi thng bng hin vt: nu k c tha thun nokhc th np ph bo him bng ng tin no c bi thng bng ng tin .

2) V nguyn tc, trch nhim ca ngi bo him ch gii hn trong phm vi s tinbo him nhng khi cng thm cc chi ph hp l khc (cu h, gim nh, tntht chung) lm s tin bi thng vt qu s tin bo him th cng ty bo himvn phi bi thng.

3) Khi thanh ton tin bi thng, ngi bo him c th khu tr nhng khon thunhp ca ngi c bo him trong vic bn hng v i bi thng t ngith ba

Cch tnh ton bi thng tn tht1) Tn tht ton b thc t:

Ngi bo him bi thng ton b s tin bo him hoc gi tr bo him.

2) Tn tht ton b c tnh: c t b hng + c chp nhn bi thng ton b

ko t b hng hoc c t b hng + ko c chp nhn

bi thng b phn3) Tn tht b phn:Theo cng thc P= ((V1-V2)/V1)*A (hoc A/V nu A

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CU 30: Bo him thn tu l g? S cn thit phi Bo him thntu?

Tr li:

1) Bo him thn tu l bo him nhng ri ro tn tht xy ra i vi v tu, mymc thit b trn tu, mt phn trch nhim ca ch tu do ri ro m va, vnhng chi ch ch tu c th thit hi trong qu trnh kinh doanh.

2) S cn thit: Tu c trng ti v dung tch ln, thi gian hot ng ko di, d b nh

hng bi thin tai, tai nn bt ngi trn bin.

Tr gi ca v tu rt ln nn cc ch tu thng ng trc nguy c ln.

Ngy nay cc con tu c trang b rt hin i nn kh khc phc c ccs c trn bin, kh nng ri ro b dng hnh trnh l rt ln suy ra tn thtln. Nguy c thy th on c hnh vi c .

Hot ng ca con tu trn bin trong qu trnh khai thc rt d gy tn thtcho ngi khc v ch tu phi chu trch nhim i vi nhng tn tht .

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CU 31: i tng bo him trong bo him thn tu?

Tr li:

i tng ca Bo him thn tu gm 4 i tng l:1) V tu2) My mc thit b trn tu3) 1 phn trch nhim ca ch hng do ri ro m va4) Nhng chi ph ch tu c th b thit hi trong qu trnh kinh doanh.

Vi v tu v my mc l nhng g gn lin vi tu, trong bo him thn tu thngthng c sn.

Trch nhim do m va, vi bo him thn tu thng thng ch c bo him mtphn (3/4), phn cn li (1/4) do bo him TNDS P&I v phi iu kin bo himFOD tr i mi c bo him ri ro m va.

Thit hi kinh doanh ch tu?

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CU 32: Cc loi hp ng bo him thn tu? S khc nhau giachng?

Tr li:

Cc loi H bo him thn tu:

1. Bo him thi hn thn tu: Bh thn tu trong 1 thi hn nht nh, thngl 12 thng hoc t hn v phi c ghi r trong hp ng.Thi hn bt uv kt thc cng phi quy nh c th.

2. Bo him chi ph thn tu: Bh cc chi ph ca 1 con tu trong 1 hnh trnhgm trang thit b, vt phm cung ng, tin lng ng trc cho s quan thy

th.

3. Bo him chuyn: bh cho 1 con tu trong 1 hnh trnh t 1 cng ny n 1cng khc v bo him cho 1 chuyn kh hi => s dng bh cho tu ngmi XK hoc tu mang i sa cha hoc bn tu.

4. Bo him ri ro ngi ng tu:Ngi mua bh l nhng ngi ng tu, bhcho con tu t lc bt u ng cho n khi giao xong, khng ch bh cho vtcht thn tu m cn bh cho nhng vn khc nh: bh gin on sn xut, bhli d tnh, bh cho cng nhn ng tu, bh ting n.

5. Bo him ri ro sa cha tu: ngi mua bo him l ch tu bh cho nhngri ro pht sinh trong qu trnh sa cha tu m nhng ri ro ny li k c bhtrong bo him thi hn thn tu.

6. Bo him ri ro cho ngi sa cha tu: ngi mua bh l ngi sa chatu bh cho nhng thit b tn tht.

7. Bo him chi ph sa cha tu: Bo him cho cc chi ph pht sinh cho qutrnh sa cha tu.

Cc im khc nhau gia cc hp ng bo him ny l v: ch th mua bo him,ni dung bo him, thi hn bo him. C th c th thy r trong khi nim miloi nu.

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CU 33: Phm vi trch nhim bo him v mt khng gian v thigian i vi tng loi hp ng bo him thn tu?

Tr li:C 2 loi hp ng bo him thn tu chnh l bo him thi hn v bo him chuyn.Sau y l phm vi trch nhim cho tng loi hp ng ny.

a) H bo him thi hn: Bo him c hiu lc t 24h ca ngy k kt n ht 24h ca ngy c hiu lc.

Khi nim gi do 2 bn tha thun, c th l gi a phng hoc quc t.

Nu ht 24h ca ngy ht hn m tu cha v n cng th s ch cho n khi tuneo u an ton ti 1 cng no hoc cng n (ch tu phi np thm ph bohim cho thi hn ko di)

b) H bo him chuyn: Bo him c hiu lc khi tu nh neo v kt thc sau 24h khi tu th neo an ton

ch d hng ti cng n.

Bo him cng ht hiu lc khi :o Tu thay i cp hng hoc cng ty ng kim.o Tu i chch hng m khng c l do chnh ng.o Thay i v ch quyn, quc k, quyn qun l, cho thu hoc b trng dng.

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CU 34: Cc ri ro c bo him theo cc iu kin bo him caITC 1995?

Tr li:Theo cc quy nh c th trong ITC 1995, trong c chia ra cc iu kin bohim. Tm lc li, ta c th nu ra cc Cc ri ro tn tht c bo him chnhnh sau:1) Tn tht ton b thc t2) Tn tht ton b c tnh3) Chi ph cu nn73

4) Chi ph khiu ni t tng v phng hn ch tn tht5) Chi ph trch nhim m va6) Chi ph ng gp tn tht chung74

7) Tn tht b phn v hnh ng tn tht chung c gii hn 1 s b phn dtho ri, h hng

8) Tn tht ring, tn tht b phn ca tu v my mc v cu ha hoc m vavi tu khc75

9) Tn tht b phn v hnh ng tn tht chung khng gii hn mc 710) Tn tht ring, tn tht b phn khng gii hn mc 876

Trn y l 10 ri ro chnh c bo him theo cc iu kin bo him thn tuchnh ca ITC 1995. Ngoi ra cn c mt s iu kin bo him khc, nhng t

ph bin v phi mua thm nh : Port risk, IVC-FPA, bo him xy dng v kinthit tu

73 iu kin TLO: t 1 n 374 iu kin FOD: t 1 n 6 c bo him tn tht chung + trch nhimm va, ch tu phi mua bo him iu kin ti thiu l FOD (thng gp nht)75 iu kin FPA: t 1 n 876 iu kin ITC: t 1 n 10

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CU 35: Ni dung cc iu kin bo him thn tu theo ITC 1995?

Tr li:ITC ch a ra cc quy nh chung v bo him thn tu ch k cp c th ncc iu kin bo him, cc cty Bo him phi cn c vo ni dung ca ITC a ra 1 s iu kin bo him thn tu ch tu la chn khi mua Bo him.Trn thc t, ph bin xut hin cc iu kin bo him sau:

k 1: TLO: Total Loss Only: k ch bo him tn tht ton b. k 2: FOD-Free of Damage Absolutely: k loi tr tuyt i tn tht b

phn k 3: FPA-Free from Particular Average: k min tn tht ring k 4: ITC-Institute Time Clause: k bo him thi hn thn tu

Ngoi ra, cn c mt s iu kin bo him khc, nhng t ph bin hn. k 5: IVC-FPA: Institute Voyage Clause & Free from Particular

Average absolutely: k bo him loi tr tuyt i tn tht ring vchuyn

k 6: Port Risks: k bo him ri ro cng k 7: Building and Construction Clause: k bo him xy dng v kin

thit tuC th vi 10 ni dung bo him chnh sau:

1. Tn tht ton b thc t

2. Tn tht ton b c tnh3. Chi ph cu nn4. Chi ph khiu ni t tng v phng hn ch tn tht5. Chi ph trch nhim m va6. Chi ph ng gp tn tht chung7. Tn tht b phn v hnh ng tn tht chung c gii hn 1 s b phn dtho ri, h hng8. Tn tht ring, tn tht b phn ca tu v my mc v cu ha hoc m va vitu khc9. Tn tht b phn v hnh ng tn tht chung khng gii hn mc 710. Tn tht ring, tn tht b phn khng gii hn mc 8

iu kin TLO: t 1 n 3iu kin FOD: t 1 n 6. FOD l /k ti thiu m cc ch tu hay mua v c

bo him c TN m va v tn tht chung.iu kin FPA: t 1 n 8iu kin ITC: t 1 n 10

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CU 36: Ni dung iu kin bo him tn tht ton b TLO theo ITC1995

Tr li:

TLO l iu kin bo him thn tu u tin v thp nht trong TC 1995. Trong ch bo him cho nhng tn tht ton b, bao gm 3 ni dung bo him c th sau:1. Tn tht ton b thc t77

2. Tn tht ton b c tnh78

3. Chi ph cu nn79

Ch : Vi TT ton b c tnh l tn tht xt thy ko trnh khi TTTB thc t hoc

chi ph cu cha > TTTB thc t.

77 Khi tu b m, chm, hng (hay thit hi) ton b78 Ch v tn tht ton b c tnh, bo him chp nhn BH khi TTTB c tnh79 Khi tu gp nn, vn s c cu nn, nhng nu cu nn ko cu c tu v tu btn tht ton b chi ph cu nn cng c tnh vo bo him

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CU 37: Ni dung ca iu kin bo him min tn tht b phnFODabs theo ITC 1995

Tr li:

FOD (free from damage absolutely) loi tr tuyt i cc tn tht b phn. L iukin bo him thn tu th 2 trong ITC 1995. Theo , khng bo him cho cc tntht b phn, c th gm nhng ni dung bo him sau1,2,3 ging nh trong TLO (tn tht ton b), c th

1. Tn tht ton b thc t80


3. Chi ph cu nn82Ngoi ra cn thm 3 ni dung bo him sau:

4. Chi ph khiu ni, t tng v phng hn ch tn tht5. Chi ph trch nhim m va83

6. Chi ph ng gp tn tht chung


83 Ch ti trch nhim m va (tu loi m va), v y l m va trong bo himthn tu ch ko phi bo him hng ho CU 40Trong bo him thn tu, trch nhim m va ch c t iu kin FOD tr i

Trong bo him thn tu, trch nhim m va, tn tht chung ch c t iu kin FODtr i

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CU 38: Ni dung ca iu kin bo him min tn tht ring, FPA abstheo ITC 1995

Tr li:

iu kin FPAabs Free from particular average, min tn tht ring, l iu kin bohim thn tu th 3 the ITC 1995. Theo cc ni dung c bo him gm 8 iu,trong C 3 iu ca iu kin 1 TLO:1. Tn tht ton b thc t84


3. Chi ph cu nn86

C 3 iu ca iu kin 2 FOD4. Chi ph khiu ni, t tng v phng hn ch tn tht5. Chi ph trch nhim m va87

6. Chi ph ng gp tn tht chung

B sung thm 2 ni dung na:7. Tn tht b phn v hnh ng tn tht chung c gii hn mt s b phn dtho ri, d h hng8. Tn tht ring, tn tht b phn ca tu v my mc v cu hng ho hoc m vavi tu khc88


87 Ch ti trch nhim m va (tu loi m va), v y l m va trong bo himthn tu ch ko phi bo him hng ho CU 40Trong bo him thn tu, trch nhim m va, tn tht chung ch c t iu kin FODtr i88 Ch , y vn thy cp ti tn tht ring ca tu thiu xt trong iu lut

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CU 39: Ni dung ca iu kin bo him mi ri ro AR theo ITC1995

Tr li:

Trong phn loi, c th coi iu kin bo him mi ri ro l iu kin ITC, iu kin4, bo him thi hn thn tu, do vi mc bo him cao nht (trong 4 loi bohim c bn), cc ni dung c bo him ca AR89 gm tt c cc iu kin B/h ca3 iu kin trc , c th gm 10 iu kin nh sau:

3 iu kin ca TLO1. Tn tht ton b thc t

2. Tn tht ton b c tnh3. Chi ph cu nn

3 iu kin thm ca FOD4. Chi ph khiu ni, t tng v phng hn ch tn tht5. Chi ph trch nhim m va6. Chi ph ng gp tn tht chung

2 iu kin thm ca FPA7. Tn tht b phn v hnh ng tn tht chung c gii hn mt s b phn dtho ri, d h hng8. tht ring, tn tht b phn ca tu v my mc v cu hng ho hoc m va vitu khc

B sung thm 2 iu kin na l:9. Tn tht b phn v hnh ng tn tht chung khng gii hn mc (7)10. Tn tht b phn, tng tht ring khng gii hn mc (8).

89 Khng thy c AR trong ITC 1995, theo suy on, rt c th y chnh l iu kinITC, vi , ni dung bo him l rng nht, tuy nhin vn c th mua thm cc ri ro

bo him khc nh hn.

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CU 40: Khi tai nn m va xy ra, ngi bo him thn tu phi ctrch nhim i vi cc tn tht thit hi no ca tu c bo

him

Tr li:Trong tai nn m va, s c 3 trng hp, bn A c li hon ton, mt phn hockhng c li. Trng hp c li hon ton khng bi thng, khng c li bithng cho bn A. Ta s phn tch trng hp c li mt phn (2 tu cng c li), ltrng hp chnh thng xy ra. Khi 2 tu cng c li, BH thn tu tu A c trchnhim nh sau:90

*Vi tu A (tu c bo him):

- Ch chu trch nhim i vi thit hi vt cht thn tu (khng chu TN viKinh doanh, hng ho, ngi)

*Vi tu B (tu b m, ko c bo him):Bo him bn A ch bi thng thay cho Bn A phn trch nhim m va pht

sinh vi tu B, nhng ch gii hn trong trch nhim m va pht sinh v khngvt qu s tin bo him

- Tn tht thit hi Vt cht ca tu b m- Tn tht thit hi v ti sn hng ho

- Tn tht, thit hi v kinh doanh- Tn tht chung, cu nn ca tu b m trong tai nn m va (nu c)

90 Cc khon cha c bo him*Vi tu A: hng ho + kinh doanh + ngi trn tu A*Vi tu B: trch nhim m va (tu A tr cho B) + phn ln hn s tin bohimCch xc nh:B1- Xc nh TN ch tu A vi tu B (ko phi TNDS, ch gm vt cht tu + hng +kinh doanh + tn tht chung (nu c), ko c ngiB2 Bi thng trch nhim trn (hoc s tin bo him, phn trn ln hn)

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CU 41: Cho v d minh ho v phn trch nhim m ch hng phichu theo iu khon hai tu m va nhau cng c li. c

bi thng cho tn tht ny, ch hng phi tham gia iu kinbo him no.

Tr liTrc ht, y l ni v CH HNG, v vy s lin quan ti bo him hng ho c bi thng phn trch nhim m va, ch hng phi mua iu kin bo himhng ho, c 3 iu kin A, B, C u c bo him. V vy c th ch cn mua /k

bo him ti thiu l A l c bi thng trch nhim m va ri.

V d nh sau:2 tu A, B m va nhau: Cc s liu sau khi gim nh nh sau:

A BT l li Thit hi tu Ta TbThit hi hng Ha Hb

Bo him hng A bi thng cho Hng A l :- Tn tht do m va Ha (nu ch hng A i i bo him)- Khon gnh chu theo iu khon m va cng c li (nu hng A i i tu B

v bt tu B phi tr H a cho mnh). Ch hng A i tu B, tu B tr cho chhng A khon Ha, sau quay sang i tu B, v tu B c li trong tn thtHa . Tu A tr cho tu B Ha, nhng sau li i l ch hng A khon Ha ny v Tu A vn ko phi bi thng cho hng A b thit hi. V vy, chhng A nhn Ha t tu B, nhng phi tr Ha cho ch tu A. Nu c bohim, th khon Ha s do bo him thay mt tr.

C TH HN, XIN HY XEM PHN TCH K PHN TRCH NHIMM VA.

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CU 42: Gii thch phn trch nhim m ngi c bo him phichu theo iu khon hai tu m va nhau cng c li trong vn

n.

Vn n do Tu A (ngi chuyn ch) k cho ch hng A. Trong qu trnh vnchuyn, Tu A v tu B xy ra tai nn m va, v thng trong tai nn m va sxy ra trng hp 2 tu cng c li. Khi s c thit hi i vi hng ca A,nhng ch hng A li ko th i i Tu A c, v ch c th i tu B. Tu B bithng cho hng A ton b thit hi Hng, song li i tu A phn trch nhimm va ca h i vi hng A. Tu A tr cho tu B phn trch nhim ny, sau i li hng A phn trch nhim m va (v vn d tu A ko phi tr nhng glin quan ti hng A). Vi iu khon trn trn vn n, phn trch nhim m va s do ngi c bo him tr cho tu A thay cho ch hng A.

C TH CC BN NGHIN CU THM PHN TRCH NHIM MVA

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Cu 43: Tn tht ca hng ha do tu c bo him m va vo tukhc m c hai tu u c li s c bi thng bi nhngngi no? Ti sao? Cho v d minh ha.

Tr li1. Tn tht ca hng ha:

Trn tu b m va : s c th c bi thng bi :

o ch tu c bo him91: v 2 tu u c li

Khon ny s c bi thng gin tip bi cc chth sau:

cng ty bo him ca tu c bo him 92: v

ri ro m va theo iu khon 2 tu m va nhaucng c li l loi ri ro c bo him trong bohim thn tu

P&I ca tu c bo him 93: (trong TH tuc bo him tham gia vo hi P&I) hi s chunt phn trch nhim m va cn li ca ch tu,trong c mt phn trch nhim i vi hng hatrn tu b m

o cng ty bo him ca hng ha : (trong TH hngha c mua bo him) v ri ro m va l mt riro c bn lun c bo him trong mi loi iu kin

bo him hng ha

Trn tu c bo him : (tng t) s c th c bi thngbi :

o ch tu b m va

cng ty bo him ca tu b m va P&I ca tu b m va

91 ch tu bi thng theo t l li (t l ny do ta phn x, nhng thngc xc nh da trn gi tr so snh 2 con tu)92bo him gii hn bi thng mc trch nhim m va pht sinh v kovt qu s tin bo him93 trong ri ro m va, P&I bi thng cho c 2 ch tu:- Tu c BH : tn tht v ng + hng chuyn ch trn tu (ci ny hiulm, v tu c phi chu ci j lquan n hng u nh???)- Tu b m : trch nhim ca tu c BH vi tu b m + phn trchnhim vt qu s tin BH + thit hi ti sn khc do b tu c BH mva

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o cng ty bo him ca hng ha

2. V dTu A c bo him ngang gi tr, m va vi tu B, li mi bn 50%. Tn tht tuA l 10000$, tn tht hng trn tu A l 4000$; tn tht tu B l 20000$, hng trn tuB l 8000$.Khi :- Hng trn tu B c bi thng nh sau :

o Tu A bi thng : 50% * 8000 = 4000$

Trong : bo him tu A ng gp : * 4000 = 3000$

tu A t chiu hoc hi P&I ca tu A chu thay : * 4000= 1000$

o Bo him ca hng ha tu B bi thng (TH hng ha cmua bo him): 50% * 8000 = 4000$

- Hng trn tu A c bi thng nh sau:o Tu B bi thng : 50% * 4000 = 2000$

Trong :- Bo him tu B ng gp (TH tu B mua bo him): *2000 = 1500$- Tu B t chu hoc hi P&I tu B chu thay: * 2000 =

500$o Bo him ca hng ha tu A bi thng : 50% * 4000 =

2000$

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Cu 44: Theo nguyn tc trch nhim cho cc ch tu s chu trchnhim bi thng tn tht thit hi cho nhau nh th no? Cho vd minh ha.

Tr liTheo nguyn tc trch nhim cho, ch tu ny s phi bi thng cho ch tu kiamt t l tn tht m tu kia phi chu. T l ny c xc nh bng t l li ca mitu c ta n phn nh trong v tai nn m va V d:Tu A v tu B m va nhau, 2 tu cng c li. Tu A thit hi 15000$, tu B thit hi10000$, t l li ca tu A v tu B l 1:4

Nh vy:- Ch tu A s bi tng cho ch tu B: 1/5 * 10000 = 2000$- Ch tu B s bi thng cho ch tu A: 4/5 * 15000 = 12000$Do , ch tu B s bi thng cho ch tu A: 12000 - 2000 = 10000$

LU , Y L CU HI RT QUAN TRNG C TH LIN QUAN TIBI TP, V VY YU CU PHI HC K CCH PHN B TN THTCHUNG, TRCH NHIM CHO, TRCH NHIM M VA.RT C TH, NU B HI VN, S C LI C BO HIM VO Y VHI BO HIM S BO HIM NHNG KHON NO, V VY CN NMK.

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Cu 45: Ph bo him thn tu ph thuc nhng yu t g? Hon phbo him trong bo him thn tu c thc hin nh th no?

Tr li1. Ph bo him thn tu ph thuc:

o Gi tr con tu

iu kin bo him94

2. Hon ph bo him trong bo him thn tu c quy nh nh sau:

Nu ng hy b hp ng th s hon li 90% s ph bohim trong thi gian tu ngng hot ng

Trng hp tu sa cha v neo u an ton ti mt cng trongnc th hon li 75% s ph trong thi gian tu ngng hotng

Trng hp tu sa cha v neo u an ton ti mt cng ncngoi : hon li 60%

Nu tu gp tn tht ton b th khng hon li ph

--------------------------------------

y l theo c, cn theo webbaohiem th l:DNBH ch hon ph vi iu kin ch tu ng ton b ph bo him cho nguynthi gian bo him ghi trn giy chng nhn bo him v thng bo thu ph km theo,v:

a. Trng hp tu nm u ti ni an ton trong thi gian lin tc 30 ngy tr ln viiu kin khng c thuyn vin trn tu (ngoi tr thuyn vin trn tu bo qunhay bo v tu) v tu khng ch hng ha, ng thi ch tu gi thng bo bng vn

bn cho DNBH 01 tun trc khi tu nm u v c DNBH ng : DNBH shon li 90% ph bo him cho thi gian tu nm u ny.

b. Trng hp tu nm u ti ni an ton trong thi gian lin tc 30 ngy tr ln kc trng hp c thuyn vin trn tu nhng khng c hng ha ch trn tu, ngthi ch tu gi thng bo bng vn bn cho DNBH 01 tun trc khi tu nm u vc DNBH ng : DNBH s hon li 50% ph bo him cho thi gian tu nmu ny.

c. Trng hp ch tu gi thng bo bng vn bn cho DNBH trc 01 tun yu cuchm dt bo him vi l do chnh ng: DNBH s hon li 80% ph bo him chokhong thi gian cn li khng bo him.

94 tham kho cu 35

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p dng cho khon (a) v (b) trong phn ny: ch hon li ph bo him khi kt thcnm bo him v tu khng b tn tht ton b.

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Cu 46: Trch nhim bo him thn tu s t ng chm dt trongnhng trng hp no?

Tr liTrch nhim bo him thn tu s t ng chm dt trong nhng trng hp sau:1. Hp ng bo him thn tu ht thi hn hiu lc95

2. Tu c bo him b tn tht ton b3. Tu thay i cp hng hoc cng ty ng kim96

4. Tu i chch hng m khng c l do chnh ng97

5. Thay i v ch quyn, quc k, quyn qun l, cho thu hoc b trng dng

TH 3, 4, 5 da trn nguyn tc li ch bo him: trong nhng TH ny, i tng bohim b thay i nn li ch bo him khng cn na.

95 thi hn hiu lc vi- HBH thi hn: t 24h ca ngy k n ht 24h ca ngy ht hiu lc. Khi

nim gi do 2 bn t tha thun (nu ht 24h ca ngy ht thi hn m tucha v n cng th s ch cho n khi tu neo u an ton ti mt cngno hoc cng n, ch tu np thm ph cho thi hn ko di)- HBH chuyn : t khi tu nh neo n ht 24h khi tu th neo an ton ch hng cng n96 Cp hng ca con tu ph thuc vo vic ng kim tu. Tu s c kimtra (ln u :khi ng mi,nhp khu hoc thay i t chc ng kim/ chuk :hng nm, nh k/ hoc bt thng : theo yu cu ca c quan thmquyn nh nc) ng kim v cp hngng kim m bo tnh hp php ca con tu, cn cp hng lin quan trctip n gi tr con tu97 p dng vi bo him chuyn, v n c coi l mt phn ca i tng bohim

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Cu 47: Phn bit trch nhim ca bo him thn tu v bo him P&Itrong tai nn m va ca tu c bo him

Tr liTrong tai nn m va ca tu c bo him, trch nhim c phn chia nh sau:

Bo him thn tu Bo him P&I

i vi tu c bohim

- thit hi vt cht thn tu - tn tht hng ha chuynch trn tu- tn tht v ngi98

i vi tu b m va

trch nhim m va nhlit k sau y, nhngkhng vt qu s tin

bo him :- tn tht, thit hi vt chtca tu b m- tn tht, thit hi v tisn, hng ha- thit hi v kinh doanh- tn tht chung, chi phcu h ca tu b m dotai nn m va gy ra (nuc)

-1/4 trch nhim m vaca tu c bo him vitu b m- phn trch nhim m valn hn s tin bo him- thit hi cc ti sn khcdo tu c BH m va99

98 Trong TNDS pht sinh, c tnh ngi, nhng vi bo him thn tu, coi nh khngk ngi vo , cn vi bo him P&I s bo him cho ton b phn TN lin quanti ngi.99 Bao gm cc bt ng sn, ng sn, ti sn hay vt gi khc khng phi thn tu(cc gs i b sung h vi!!)

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Cu 48: Cc trch nhim dn s m ch tu phi gnh chu trong qutrnh kinh doanh khai thc con tu ca mnh

Tr liCc trch nhim dn s m ch tu phi gnh chu trong qu trnh kinh doanh khaithc con tu ca mnh bao gm:1. Trch nhim lin quan n con ngi (thy th v hnh khch trn tu)100

o Tr tin lng, tin cng, ph n , thuc men, vin ph, maitng cho cc thy th

o Chi ph hi hng , n b cho vic hi hng ca thy tho Cc chi ph m bo an ton cho con ngi trn tu

2. Trch nhim m va vi tu hay vt th khco trch nhim m va pht sinh hay phn vt qu s tin

bo him trong m va vi tu khc m 2 tu cng c lio Cc thit hi v ngi trong tai nn m vao Thit hi v nhng ti sn khc ngoi thn tu

3. Trch nhim i vi hng ha chuyn ch trn tuo Chm sc chu o hng ho v chu trch nhim v cc tn

tht do h hng, mt mt hng ho t khi nhn bc ln tucho n khi giao cho ngi nhn hng

o Bi thng tn tht hng ha, giao hng chm nu ko chng

minh c mnh ko c li4. Chi ph do gy nhim

o Cc tn tht h hi do nhim

o Tin pht do gy nhim hoc chi ph ngn nga, hn chtn tht

5. Chi ph cho vic x l xc tu mo Chi ph v trch nhim pht sinh do trc vt, di chuyn, ph

hy, nh du, thp sang, thi thot duo Cc trch nhim pht sinh t vic xc tu nm ti hoc v

tnh b ri i ni khc nu ch tu cha tuyn b t b tu

6. Cc chi ph np pht, chi ph t tngo Cc khon pht do khng chp hnh quy tc an ton, ch

hng lu, vi phm lut, hnh vi bt cn hoc thiu st cathuyn b

100 Nn nh, TNDS vn bao gm cc TN v ngi, nhng ch c bo him P&I mibo him cho ngi.

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o Chi ph t tng trong trng hp thua kin

7. Trch nhim i vi cc tu lai dto Quan tm n an ton chung ca tp th lai dt v an ton

hng hi

o Bi thng nu c li

8. Chu ri ro nh cng, ri ro chin tranh10110. Cc tn tht xy ra do li lm ca thuyn b

101 do ph bo him cho ri ro ny qu cao nn n nm trong ri ro loi tr ca bohim thn tu

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Cu 49: Khi qut v s hnh thnh cc hi bo him P&I v ccnguyn tc hot ng ca hi

Tr li1. S hnh thnh cc hi bo him P&I:

S c quyn ca hng bo him Lloyd v mt s hng bo himln khc London khin cho ph bo him v tu cao qu mcchp nhn c, do cc ch tu phi lin kt li vi nhau, t bohim theo hnh thc tng h nhau, nhm gim ph bo himthn tu, chia s nhng tn tht trong qu trnh qun l v kinhdoanh khai thc tu. l tin thn ca hi P&I.

Tnh trng c quyn chm dt th mt s ri ro mi cha c

bo him hoc cha bo him ht xut hin :

- trch nhim m va- Tn tht v con ngi

Tr gi thn tu ngy cng ln nn nguy c cc ch tu khng c kh nng bp khi tn tht xy ra cng cao=> Hi chuyn sang hot ng v mc ch tng h bo him cho nhng riro ni trn

Hin nay, hi m rng phm vi bo him ra nhiu ri ro khccng cha c bo him trong bo him thn tu nh ri ro iu

pht, ri ro nhim,

2. Cc nguyn tc hot ng ca hi: 3 nguyn tc c bn Nguyn tc tng h : Hi hot ng da trn nguyn tc tng

h, cn i thu chi v khng tnh li102 : (5)o Tt c

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