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Transcript of 1 Zoo Noses Intro Dunne
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EpidemiologyEpidemiologyand Control ofand Control of
ZoonoticZoonoticInfectionsInfections
Center for Infectious Disease Preparedness
University of California, Berkeley
Spring 2005, Tuesdays 10:30am-12pm
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InstructorsInstructors
Ben Sun, DVM, MPVM
Gundula Dunne, DVM, MPVM
Guest LecturesJason Stull, DVM, MPVM
Anne Kjemtrup, DVM, MPVM
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GoalsGoals
Importance of Zoonoses in
Public Health
Ecology and Natural History
Prevention and Control
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OrganizationOrganization
8 Weeks
Presentation Lecture Questions
Disease Coverage
Multiple per lecture Examples
Focus on animal aspects
See references for additional reading
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RequirementsRequirements
Weekly reading
Case Report
Paper
Oral Presentation
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Oral PresentationOral Presentation
Given at beginning of class
Relevant to the lecture
10-15 minutes
Identify disease
Background
Case Investigation
Discuss Zoonotic Aspects
Confidentiality (remove identifiers)
Limited number of spaces
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PaperPaper
DUE MARCH 1
Any zoonotic disease
Double spaces, font size 12 No more than 5 pages
Background
Case Investigation
Discuss Zoonotic Aspects
Need a topic? Ask us
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Class ScheduleClass Schedule
Week 1 Zoonosis Intro & TSE
Week 2 Rabies
Week 3 Classic Zoonoses Week 4 Bioterrorism
Week 5 Vector-borne Diseases
Week 6 Parasitic Zoonoses
Week 7 Emerging Zoonoses
Week 8 Foodborne Illnesses
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Epidemiology andEpidemiology and
Control of ZoonoticControl of Zoonotic
InfectionsInfections
Lecture 1Lecture 1
January 18, 2005
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Part I: Introduction to
Zoonoses
Part II: Transmissible
SpongiformEncephalopathies
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Intro to ZoonosesIntro to Zoonoses
Definition
Importance
Etiologies
Animal Examples
Transmission Routes
Life Cycles
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ZoonosesZoonoses
From the Greek:
Zoon: Animal
Noson: Disease
Diseases and infections which are
naturally transmitted betweenvertebrate animals and humans
- WHO 1959
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ZoonosesZoonoses
Does NOT include
Fish and reptile toxins
Allergies to vertebrates
Diseases in which animal-derived food
serves as a vehicle (e.g. hepatitis A
contaminated deli meat)
Experimentally transmitted diseases
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ZoonosesZoonoses
> 250 zoonotic diseases
60% of US Household have 1 pet Multiple pets in the home
Human-animal bond
Exotic species as pets
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Zoonoses: Common DiseasesZoonoses: Common Diseases
Frequency (CDC, 2003)
Salmonella 39,919
Lyme disease 18,991
West Nile (CNS) 2,862
Trichinosis 4
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ZoonosesZoonoses
Spectrum of Disease Severity
Death = rabies
Severe illness = plague
Chronic illness = Q-fever
Mild illness = psittacosis
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Zoonoses: ImportanceZoonoses: Importance Economics
Zoonotic disease are expensive
Rabies post-exposure prophylaxis
GI illness due to Salmonella orCampylobacterlost productivity, medical costs
Import/Export
BSE restriction on cattle
Avian Influenza restriction on chicken
Travel/Globalization
Decreased transit time - SARS
Remote area accessibility
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Zoonoses: ImportanceZoonoses: Importance
Surveillance
Animals are sentinels
Prevention and Control
Animal = key component
Complications (e.g. Lyme disease)
Unknown reservoirs (e.g. Ebola)
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Zoonoses: Etiologic
Classification
Zoonoses: Etiologic
Classification
Viral
Bacterial
Parasitic
Mycotic
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Zoonoses: Viral ExamplesZoonoses: Viral Examples
Colorado tick fever Japanese encephalitis
Ebola Monkeypox*
Equine encephalitides(WEE, EEE, VEE)
Nipah*
Hantaviruses Rabies*
Hendra* Rift Valley fever
Herpesvirus B West Nile virus*
Influenza Yellow fever
* indicates covered in lectures
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Zoonoses: Bacterial ExamplesZoonoses: Bacterial Examples
Anthrax* Plague*
Brucellosis* Psittacosis*
Campylobacteriosis* Q fever*
Cat-scratch disease* Relapsing fevers
Leptospirosis* Salmonellosis*Listeriosis* Tularemia*
Lyme disease* Yersiniosis
* indicates covered in lectures
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Zoonoses: Parasitic ExamplesZoonoses: Parasitic Examples
PROTOZOAL HELMINTHIC
Trypanosomiasis Baylisascariasis*
Babesiosis CysticercosisCryptosporidiosis* Hydatidosis
Leishmaniasis Schistosome dermatitis
Giardiasis* Trichinosis*
Toxoplasmosis* Visceral larva migrans
and toxocariasis*
* indicates covered in lectures
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Zoonoses: Mycotic ExamplesZoonoses: Mycotic Examples
Aspergillosis
BlastomycosisCryptococcosis*
Dermatophytosis*
HistoplasmosisSporotrichosis
* indicates covered in lectures
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Zoonoses: Animal SpeciesZoonoses: Animal Species
Dogs & Cats
Rabies
Roundworm Ringworm
Lyme Disease (dogs only)
Cat Scratch Disease (cats only)
Food Animals
Salmonella
E.coli
Brucellosis
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Zoonoses: Animal SpeciesZoonoses: Animal Species
Birds: Psittacosis
West Nile
Cryptococcus Reptiles, Fish, &
Amphibians Salmonella
Mycobacterium Wild Animals
Hantavirus
Plague
Tularemia
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Routes ofTransmissionRoutes ofTransmission
Direct
Droplet or Aerosol
Oral
Contact
Indirect
Foodborne
Water-borne Fomite
Vector-borne
Environmental
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Zoonoses - Life CycleZoonoses - Life Cycle
ORTHOZOONOSES
May be perpetuated in nature by a
single vertebrate species
E.g. rabies, brucellosis, anthrax
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Zoonosis: Rabies Life CycleZoonosis: Rabies Life Cycle
Virus
inoculation
(bite)
Salivary
gland
excretion
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Zoonoses - Maintenance CycleZoonoses - Maintenance Cycle
CYCLOZOONOSES
Requires more than one vertebrate
species but no invertebrate host Most are cestodiases (tapeworm
diseases)
Taenia saginata and T. solium require
man to be one of vertebrate hosts
Others, such as hydatidosis, man is
accidentally involved
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Life Cycle:
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Zoonoses - Life CycleZoonoses - Life Cycle
METAZOONOSES
Require both vertebrates and
invertebrates to complete transmission
All arboviral infections
West Nile virus, Saint Louis encephalitis
Some bacterial diseases
Plague, many rickettsia Some parasitic diseases
Leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis
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Zoonoses: MetazoonosesZoonoses: Metazoonoses
Invertebrate Host: Mosquitoes Vertebrate Host: Birds
Incidental Hosts:
HUMANS, horses, amphibians, other mammals
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Risk FactorsRisk Factors
Companion Animal
Dogs & roundworm
Rats & Rat Bite Fever
Occupational
Animal control workers & rabies
Wildlife biologists & hantavirus
Foodborne
Raw meat & E.coli
Unpasteurized dairy & Listeria
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Risk FactorsRisk Factors
Recreational Activities
Camping & Lyme disease
Farm Settings Sheep & Q-fever
Cattle & Cryptosporidium
Travel
Maylasia & Nipha
Australia & Hendra
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Reportable Diseases of
Animals
Reportable Diseases of
Animals
By veterinarian or other individual
Reported to CA Department of Health Services Plague
Rabies
Reportable to the CA Department of Food andAgriculture Anthrax
Brucellosis
Glanders
Listeriosis Rabies in livestock
Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
West Nile
And more
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Zoonosis: Take Home PointsZoonosis: Take Home Points
Transmitted between animals
and humans
Zoonoses are common
Animals part of everyday life
Recognize the risk factors
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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Dr. Bruno ChomelDr. Ben Sun