BIOCHIP

SUBMITTED BY :ANAND SINGH 13EI10

INTRODUCTION STRUCTURE AND BASIC WORKING BIOCHIP IMPLANT APPLICATION ADVANTAGES CONCLUSION FUTURE

Over view

INTRODUCTION :-

Collection of miniaturized test sites(microarrays) arranged on a solid substrate.

Permits many tests to be performed at the same time. Surface area is no longer than a fingernail. Perform thousands of biological reactions in a few

seconds. Used to analyze organic molecules associated with

living organisms. Help in identifying gene sequences, environmental

pollutants, airborne toxins, or other biochemical constituents.

HISTORYDeveloped in 1983 for monitoring fisheries.Large scale development of biochips in the

1990sToday, a large variety of biochips technologies are either in development or being commercialized.Invented in 4G generation & the development is still continued.

In 1980 Fred Sanger and Walter Gilbert were awarded Nobel Prize for their pioneering DNA sequencing approach.

DEFINATION :-

Collection of micro array arranged on a solid substrate. Can perform millions of mathematical operations. Can also perform thousands of biological operations. Increase speed of identification of genes.

Fig : Biochips

DNA Chip -DNA analyze

Protein Chip -Proteome analyze

Antibody Chip -Detecting antigens

Tissue Chip -Tissue analyze

CLASSIFICATION OF BIO CHIPS

COMPONENTS :-Biochip implant system consist of two component -

Transponder

Reader or scanner

TRANSPONDER :-

It is the Actual Biochip Implant. Two Types of Transponder- Passive & Active. Using a Passive Transponder. Biochip & Reader Communicate Via low Frequency Radio Waves. Transponder Consist of Four Parts :-1. Computer Microchip2. Antenna Coil 3. Tuning Capacitor4. Glass Capsule

Fig : Biochip Components

Fig : Perspective of Actual Size

Computer Microchip :- The microchip stores a unique identification number

from 10 to 15 digits long. Antenna Coil :- This tiny, primitive, radio antenna “ receives & sends ”

signal from the reader or scanner. Tuning Capacitor :- This capacitor is charged by the small signal sent by the

reader. Glass Capsule :- “Houses” the microchip, antenna coil, capacitor. It is made

of biocompatible material such as soda lime glass.

READER OR SCANNER :-Consist of an “exciter” coil which creates electromagnetic

signal. Provide energy to “activate” the implanted biochip. Also carries a receiving coil to receive ID number. Contain the software and components to decode the receive

code & display the result in an LCD display.All done in millisecond.

WORKING:-

Reader transmits a Low-power radio signal and activate the implanted biochip.

ID Number is transmitted by the transponder and received by the reader.

Reader display the ID number on the reader’s LCD display

BIOCHIP IMPLANT :-

Injected by a hypodermic syringe beneath the skin. Injection is safe and simple. Anesthesia is not required. Usually injected behind the neck.

APPLICATIONS :-

With a biochip , tracing of a person/animal anywhere in the world.

A biochip can store and update financial, medical and demographic data, basically everything about a person.

Biochip leads to a secured E-commerce system. Biochip really have potential in replacing passport,

ATM, medical records etc. Medicinal implementation of biochips- as glucose

detector, as oxygen sensor, as a blood pressure sensor etc.

Small in size. Faster & powerful. Perform thousand of biological reactions in a few seconds. Increase speed of diagnosis of unknown pathogens. Ability to detect multiple viral agent in parallel. Ease of use.

ADVANTAGES:-

DISADVANTAGE:-

They raise critical issues of personal privacy.They mark the end of human freedom

and dignity.There is a danger of turning every man,

women and child into a controlled slave.They can be implanted into ones

body without their knowledge.

FUTURE :-

A chip implanted some where in human body might serve as a combination of - Credit card Driving license Passport Personal identification etc.

No longer would it be needed to worry about losing all above thing.

Can also widely established in veterinary field.

Biochips are :- Fast Accurate Miniaturized Advantages upon conventional Analyzer Expected to become economically advantageous attributes

that make them analogous to computer chip.

CONCLUSION :-

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